Undertow

undertow

One of the key features of the Spring Boot framework is the built-in support for embedded servers. It includes support for embedded Tomcat, Jetty, and Undertow servers. This means you don’t need any external web servers and no need to deploy WAR files anymore. The embedded Tomcat server is available through the dependency. spring-boot-starter-web However, if you want Jetty or Undertow servers then you can include or dependencies. spring-boot-starter-jetty spring-boot-starter-undertow This article explains how to replace the default embedded Tomcat with Jetty or Undertow servers. https://youtu.be/1gEoiMVULt4?si=RVOx-P3o65KPN2-p&embedable=true Replace Tomcat With the Jetty in Spring Boot To use the embedded Jetty server instead of Tomcat, you need to exclude the from and include the dependency. Also, you will need to exclude the default added spring-boot-starter-tomcat dependency. spring-boot-starter-tomcat spring-boot-starter-web spring-boot-starter-jetty For Spring Boot Version 2.x.x For , make the following changes to your file. Gradle build.gradle dependencies {
    implementation('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web') {
        exclude group:'org.springframework.boot', module:'spring-boot-starter-tomcat'
    }
    implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-jetty'
} If you’re using build tools, you need to add this to your file. Maven pom.xml <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
</dependency> For Spring Boot Version 3.x.x The above configuration works for Spring Boot version 2.x, but it will throw the following error if you’re using the latest Spring Boot version 3.x. java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: jakarta.servlet.http.HttpSessionContext 
with Spring Boot 3 and Jetty server This is because Jetty does not yet support Servlet 6.0. To use Jetty with Spring Boot 3.0, you will have to downgrade the Servlet API to 5.0. You can use the property to do so. jakarta-servlet.version Ref: Spring-Boot-3.0-Migration-Guide ext['jakarta-servlet.version'] = '5.0.0'
dependencies {
    implementation('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web')
    implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-jetty'
    modules {
        module("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-tomcat") {
            replacedBy("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-jetty")
        }
    }
} If you’re using build tools, you need to add this to your file. Maven pom.xml <properties>
    <java.version>17</java.version>
    <jakarta-servlet.version>5.0.0</jakarta-servlet.version>
</properties>

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        <exclusions>
            <exclusion>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            </exclusion>
        </exclusions>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
    </dependency>
</dependencies> Replace Tomcat With Undertow in Spring Boot To use Undertow instead of Tomcat, first, you need to exclude the spring-boot-starter-tomcat from spring-boot-starter-web. Then you should add the undertow starter as shown here. For , make the following changes to your file. Gradle build.gradle dependencies {
    implementation('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web') {
        exclude group:'org.springframework.boot', module:'spring-boot-starter-tomcat'
    }
    implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-undertow'
} If you’re using build tools, you need to add this to your file. Maven pom.xml <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-undertow</artifactId>
</dependency> Also published here

Replacing Default Tomcat Server With Jetty or Undertow in Spring Boot 3: A Guide

Startups of The Year 2024 Winners: Europe

Startupy roku 2024 Vítězové: Evropa

Startups del Año 2024 Ganadores: Europa

Startups of the Year 2024 Winners: ヨーロッパ

ការចាប់ផ្តើមនៃឆ្នាំ 2024 អ្នកឈ្នះ: ប្រទេសអឺរ៉ុប

2024. gada jaunuzņēmumi Uzvarētāji: Eiropa

Startups ny taona 2024 mpandresy: Eoropa

वर्ष २०२४ को स्टार्टअप विजेता: युरोप

Startups van het jaar 2024 Winnaars: Europa

Startups of the Year 2024 Победители: Европа

Startups of the Year 2024 Winners: Europe

Startups e vitit 2024 Fituesit: Europe

2024 has been a year full of changes and innovations - a massive year for the world, and a massive year for us, as Startups of The Year 2024 has been the biggest campaign yet for HackerNoon! With 150,000+ startups nominated across the globe and over 4 million votes cast, it is finally time for the results to be revealed. A round of applause for the winners of the Education Industry! 150,000+ startups 150,000+ startups 150,000+ startups 4 million votes cast 4 million votes cast Education Industry Education has always been a crucial industry and a pioneer for innovative changes. In 2024, the Education industry has experienced groundbreaking transformations, driven by tech advancements and AI integrations for a more personalized learning experience. Educational institutions are putting emphasis on community-based learning and developing critical thinking and soft skills, utilizing smarter algorithms to make knowledge more effective and accessible. Education 🏆 Key Stats Let’s start out with some general stats for all of you technical folks. Total Startups Participated: 34,300
Sub Industries Represented: 8
Total Votes Gathered: 34,200
Winning Startups: 8 Total Startups Participated: 34,300 Total Startups Participated: Sub Industries Represented: 8 Sub Industries Represented: Total Votes Gathered: 34,200 Total Votes Gathered: Winning Startups: 8 Winning Startups: To explore winning top startups in other industries or cities, head over to startups.hackernoon.com and use the search bar — the name at the top of each list is the winner.


You may also check out the full list of nominated startups in the Education Industry HERE.



Stay tuned for our Startups of The Year Winner Announcement Series, where we’ll be highlighting the top startups across various regions and industries. To explore winning top startups in other industries or cities, head over to startups.hackernoon.com and use the search bar — the name at the top of each list is the winner.


You may also check out the full list of nominated startups in the Education Industry HERE. To explore winning top startups in other industries or cities, head over to startups.hackernoon.com and use the search bar — the name at the top of each list is the winner. To explore winning top startups in other industries or cities, head over to startups.hackernoon.com and use the search bar — the name at the top of each list is the winner. startups.hackernoon.com You may also check out the full list of nominated startups in the Education Industry HERE. You may also check out the full list of nominated startups in the Education Industry HERE. HERE. HERE Stay tuned for our Startups of The Year Winner Announcement Series, where we’ll be highlighting the top startups across various regions and industries. Stay tuned for our Startups of The Year Winner Announcement Series, where we’ll be highlighting the top startups across various regions and industries. Startups of The Year Winner Announcement Series Now, drum roll please, here are all the 2024 Startups of The Year winners for Education drum roll please Education Research (11.3k total votes, 6.2k startups) Research Winner: Nat5 Winner: Nat5 Nat5 SNATIKA
Lite-1 SNATIKA SNATIKA Lite-1 Lite-1 Honorable mentions: Honorable mentions: SimZero
Quatfit
EcoScience Lab
7Analytics
Brandenburg Labs GmbH
Niche Report
TechBairn SimZero SimZero Quatfit Quatfit EcoScience Lab EcoScience Lab 7Analytics 7Analytics Brandenburg Labs GmbH Brandenburg Labs GmbH Niche Report Niche Report TechBairn TechBairn Training And Consulting (6.7k total votes, 12.7k startups) Training And Consulting Winner: SNATIKA Winner: SNATIKA SNATIKA The BD School
Coffey & Consult The BD School The BD School Coffey & Consult Coffey & Consult Honorable mentions: Honorable mentions: Byte Splash Software Training and Placement Center
CherryOnTech
FEMSTECH Worldwide e.V.
Iniciativa Proxima
Edward Consulting
Quality New Zealand Education Limited
NowEdge Byte Splash Software Training and Placement Center Byte Splash Software Training and Placement Center CherryOnTech CherryOnTech FEMSTECH Worldwide e.V. FEMSTECH Worldwide e.V. Iniciativa Proxima Iniciativa Proxima Edward Consulting Edward Consulting Quality New Zealand Education Limited Quality New Zealand Education Limited NowEdge NowEdge E-Learning (5.1k total votes, 3.4k startups) E-Learning Winner: textomap Winner: textomap textomap Wellbeing Think Tank
Cadence Infotech Wellbeing Think Tank Wellbeing Think Tank Cadence Infotech Cadence Infotech Honorable mentions: Honorable mentions: Sphiderass Web LTD
svexa
FEMSTECH Worldwide e.V.
D.notitia
Linguado
Kocha Hub
Undertow Sphiderass Web LTD Sphiderass Web LTD svexa svexa FEMSTECH Worldwide e.V. FEMSTECH Worldwide e.V. D.notitia D.notitia Linguado Linguado Kocha Hub Kocha Hub Undertow Undertow Educational Institutions (3.8k total votes, 3.7k startups) Educational Institutions Winner: Quality New Zealand Education Limited Winner: Quality New Zealand Education Limited Quality New Zealand Education Limited SNATIKA
Polygence SNATIKA SNATIKA Polygence Polygence Honorable mentions: Honorable mentions: EDUrain Inc. (Techstars ‘23)
Abhilekh Verma Consultancy (OPC) Private Limited
Founder University
Student Village Academy
Youth of Canada
Iniciativa Startup Experience
Bettre Institute EDUrain Inc. (Techstars ‘23) EDUrain Inc. (Techstars ‘23) Abhilekh Verma Consultancy (OPC) Private Limited Abhilekh Verma Consultancy (OPC) Private Limited Founder University Founder University Student Village Academy Student Village Academy Youth of Canada Youth of Canada Iniciativa Startup Experience Iniciativa Startup Experience Bettre Institute Bettre Institute Administrative (3.1k total votes, 4.1k startups) Administrative Winner: Iniciativa Proxima Winner: Iniciativa Proxima Iniciativa Proxima Bokonzi
Treeback Bokonzi Bokonzi Treeback Treeback Honorable mentions: Honorable mentions: Watergenics
Edward Consulting
H2UB
ReFi Medellín
Employment Express Verband LLP
Terrenity
IDEALERS B2B PVT LTD Watergenics Watergenics Edward Consulting Edward Consulting H2UB H2UB ReFi Medellín ReFi Medellín Employment Express Verband LLP Employment Express Verband LLP Terrenity Terrenity IDEALERS B2B PVT LTD IDEALERS B2B PVT LTD Edtech (2.2k total votes, 2.2k startups) Edtech Winner: D.notitia Winner: D.notitia D.notitia SKL.vc
Bokonzi SKL.vc SKL.vc Bokonzi Bokonzi Honorable mentions: Honorable mentions: DevStacks
Linguado
Kocha Hub
bylittle Learning
Hazabarolo.com (হ য ব র ল.কম)
Golden Celestial Ratio
CodersCave DevStacks DevStacks Linguado Linguado Kocha Hub Kocha Hub bylittle Learning bylittle Learning Hazabarolo.com (হ য ব র ল.কম) Hazabarolo.com (হ য ব র ল.কম) Golden Celestial Ratio Golden Celestial Ratio CodersCave CodersCave Think Tanks (1.1k total votes, 400 startups) Think Tanks Winner: Gildre Winner: Gildre Gildre Wellbeing Think Tank
H2UB Wellbeing Think Tank Wellbeing Think Tank H2UB H2UB Honorable mentions: Honorable mentions: PORSESH POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Centre for Annihilation of Caste
What The Hack
Panna
SDR Leaders of EMEA
San Diego Regional Policy & Innovation Center
Cameroon Economic Policy Institute (CEPI) PORSESH POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE PORSESH POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE Centre for Annihilation of Caste Centre for Annihilation of Caste What The Hack What The Hack Panna Panna SDR Leaders of EMEA SDR Leaders of EMEA San Diego Regional Policy & Innovation Center San Diego Regional Policy & Innovation Center Cameroon Economic Policy Institute (CEPI) Cameroon Economic Policy Institute (CEPI) Cultural Institutions (898 total votes, 1.6k startups) Cultural Institutions Winner: Seneca Foundation Winner: Seneca Foundation Seneca Foundation Jamshedpur Queer Circle
AMBA FINANCE UGANDA LTD Jamshedpur Queer Circle Jamshedpur Queer Circle AMBA FINANCE UGANDA LTD AMBA FINANCE UGANDA LTD Honorable mentions: Honorable mentions: Resilient Cities Network
mindfulstartup.school
MiDesk Global
WiBT Women in Blockchain Talks
International Mentoring Program | St. Louis
The MOBI Trust
Bridging Tech Resilient Cities Network Resilient Cities Network mindfulstartup.school mindfulstartup.school MiDesk Global MiDesk Global WiBT Women in Blockchain Talks WiBT Women in Blockchain Talks International Mentoring Program | St. Louis International Mentoring Program | St. Louis The MOBI Trust The MOBI Trust Bridging Tech Bridging Tech Congratulations to you all! We will contact you with details on how to claim your winnings! Congratulations to you all! We will contact you with details on how to claim your winnings! Congratulations to you all! We will contact you with details on how to claim your winnings! See the global regional announcements here.
See the global industry announcements here. See the global regional announcements here.
See the global industry announcements here. See the global regional announcements here. here See the global industry announcements here. here About HackerNoon’s Startups of The Year Startups of The Year 2024 is HackerNoon’s flagship community-driven event celebrating startups, technology, and the spirit of innovation. Currently in its third iteration, the prestigious Internet award recognizes and celebrates tech startups of all shapes and sizes. This year, over 150,000 entities across 4200+ cities, 6 continents, and 100+ industries participated in a bid to be crowned the best startup of the year! Millions of votes have been cast over the past few years, and many storieshave been written about these daring and rising startups. Startups of The Year 2024 many stories The winners will get a free interview on HackerNoon and an Evergreen Tech Company News page. free interview Evergreen Tech Company News Visit our FAQ page to learn more. FAQ Download our design assets here. here Check out the Startups of The Year Merch Shop here. here HackerNoon’s Startups of The Year is a branding opportunity unlike any other. Whether your goal is brand awareness or lead generation, HackerNoon has curated packages to solve your marketing challenges. Book a meeting with us to learn more! curated packages Book a meeting with us to learn more! Book a meeting with us to learn more! Meet our sponsors: Meet our sponsors: Wellfound: Join the #1 global, startup-focused community. At Wellfound, we're not just a job board—we're the place where top startup talent and the world's most exciting companies connect to build the future. Wellfound: Join the #1 global, startup-focused community Notion: Notion is trusted and loved by thousands of startups as their connected workspace—from building product roadmaps to tracking fundraising. Try Notion with unlimited AI, FREE for up to 6 months, to build and scale your company with one powerful tool.Get your offer now! Notion: Try Notion with unlimited AI, FREE for up to 6 months Get your offer now ! Hubspot: If you’re looking for a smart CRM platform that meets the needs of small businesses, look no further than HubSpot. Seamlessly connect your data, teams and customers in one easy-to-use scalable platform that grows with your business. Get started for free. Hubspot: Get started for free Bright Data: Startups that leverage public web data can make faster, data-driven decisions, giving them a competitive edge. With Bright Data’s scalable web data collection, businesses can grow from a small operation to an enterprise by harnessing insights at every stage. Bright Data: Bright Data’s scalable web data collection Algolia: Algolia NeuralSearch is the world's only AI end-to-end Search and Discovery Platform combining powerful keyword and natural language processing in a single API. Algolia: AI end-to-end Search and Discovery Platform

Startups of The Year 2024 Winners: Education

Стартапы 2024 года пераможцы: адукацыя

Iniciatives de l'any 2024 Guanyadors: Educació

Startups des Jahres 2024 Gewinner: Bildung

Startups del Año 2024 Ganadores: Educación

Startupovi godine 2024 pobjednici: obrazovanje

Startup Tahun 2024 Pemenang: Pendidikan

Startups of the Year 2024 Winners: 教育

Pamba la Pamba la Pamba la 2024: Education

Startups ຂອງປີ 2024 ຜູ້ຊ່ຽວຊານ: ການສຶກສາ

Startups do Ano 2024 vencedores: Educação

2024 වසරේ Startups ජයග්රාහකයින්: අධ් යාපනය

Переможці стартапів 2024 року: освіта

After months of nominations, voting, and community support, the Startups of The Year 2024 results are in. With over 150,000 startups in the running and more than 4 million votes cast, this year’s awards have been our biggest yet, and the AI Industry, in particular, was on fire. Startups of The Year 2024 Startups of The Year 2024 150,000 startups 150,000 startups 4 million votes The AI startup scene continues to evolve at breakneck speed, spurred by advances in deep learning, ambitious teams, and real-world impact across industries. From intelligent automation to next-gen developer tools, the startups you voted for are pushing the boundaries of what’s possible. Let’s take a look at the standout AI startups of 2024. AI startups Startups of The Year 2024: Key AI Industry Stats For the number lovers out there, here’s a quick breakdown: For the number lovers out there, here’s a quick breakdown: Total Number of Participating Startups: 18,519
Sub Industries Represented: 8
Total Votes Recorded: 288,700
Winning Startups: 8 Total Number of Participating Startups: 18,519 Total Number of Participating Startups: Sub Industries Represented: 8 Sub Industries Represented: Total Votes Recorded: 288,700 Total Votes Recorded: Winning Startups: 8 Winning Startups: To explore winning top startups in other industries or cities, head over to startups.hackernoon.com and use the search bar — the name at the top of each list is the winner.


You may also check out the full list of nominated startups in the AI Industry HERE.



Stay tuned for our Startups of The Year Winner Announcement Series, where we’ll be highlighting the top startups across various regions and industries. To explore winning top startups in other industries or cities, head over to startups.hackernoon.com and use the search bar — the name at the top of each list is the winner.


You may also check out the full list of nominated startups in the AI Industry HERE. To explore winning top startups in other industries or cities, head over to startups.hackernoon.com and use the search bar — the name at the top of each list is the winner. To explore winning top startups in other industries or cities, head over to startups.hackernoon.com and use the search bar — the name at the top of each list is the winner. startups.hackernoon.com You may also check out the full list of nominated startups in the AI Industry HERE. You may also check out the full list of nominated startups in the AI Industry HERE. HERE. HERE Stay tuned for our Startups of The Year Winner Announcement Series, where we’ll be highlighting the top startups across various regions and industries. Stay tuned for our Startups of The Year Winner Announcement Series, where we’ll be highlighting the top startups across various regions and industries. Startups of The Year Winner Announcement Series Now, drum roll please… Now, drum roll please… Meet the Top AI Startups of The Year 2024 AI Startups Analytics (142.4k total votes, 2.1k startups) Analytics Winner: Mecanizou Winner: Mecanizou Mecanizou ViralMango - Influencer Marketing
Nat5 ViralMango - Influencer Marketing ViralMango - Influencer Marketing Nat5 Nat5 Honorable mentions: Honorable mentions: AKUMENIA
Hyperhumans
Business Intelligence Limited
Reputation House
7Analytics
Mazmobi
Recut URL Shortener AKUMENIA AKUMENIA Hyperhumans Hyperhumans Business Intelligence Limited Business Intelligence Limited Reputation House Reputation House 7Analytics 7Analytics Mazmobi Mazmobi Recut URL Shortener Recut URL Shortener Automation (67.4k total votes, 1.4k startups) Automation Winner: Tezeract Winner: Tezeract Tezeract autobotAI
Sereda.ai autobotAI autobotAI Sereda.ai Sereda.ai Honorable mentions: Honorable mentions: The Real Group
RentBamboo
Yemberzal
Accredify
Maiky
Hyperce
QOD Information Technology The Real Group The Real Group RentBamboo RentBamboo Yemberzal Yemberzal Accredify Accredify Maiky Maiky Hyperce Hyperce QOD Information Technology QOD Information Technology Business Intelligence (35.6k total votes, 12.1k startups) Business Intelligence Winner: Leonado Limited Winner: Leonado Limited Leonado Limited Tezeract
Mecanizou Tezeract Tezeract Mecanizou Mecanizou Honorable mentions: Honorable mentions: KD Squares
AQUi9
Postjer Group
Unirises
DataMind
Entrustech Inc.
Matter IT Mauritanie KD Squares KD Squares AQUi9 AQUi9 Postjer Group Postjer Group Unirises Unirises DataMind DataMind Entrustech Inc. Entrustech Inc. Matter IT Mauritanie Matter IT Mauritanie Machine Learning (22.7k total votes, 1k startups) Machine Learning Winner: Didit Winner: Didit Didit Antix Interactive Inc.
Hoken Tech Antix Interactive Inc. Antix Interactive Inc. Hoken Tech Hoken Tech Honorable mentions: Honorable mentions: AI Verse
Epowar
FueGo.
SimZero
Quatfit
Ac28R
Hidonix AI Verse AI Verse Epowar Epowar FueGo. FueGo. SimZero SimZero Quatfit Quatfit Ac28R Ac28R Hidonix Hidonix Generative AI (15.5k total votes, 235 startups) Generative AI Winner: Worksible Winner: Worksible Worksible Tezeract
Antix Interactive Inc. Tezeract Tezeract Antix Interactive Inc. Antix Interactive Inc. Honorable mentions: Honorable mentions: Pieces for Developers
Arize Phoenix
textomap
Ac28R
mkinf
Sivi
Vcodewonders Pieces for Developers Pieces for Developers Arize Phoenix Arize Phoenix textomap textomap Ac28R Ac28R mkinf mkinf Sivi Sivi Vcodewonders Vcodewonders AI Wrappers (2.5k total votes, 192 startups) AI Wrappers Winner: Sereda.ai Winner: Sereda.ai Sereda.ai FueGo.
Shugert Marketing FueGo. FueGo. Shugert Marketing Shugert Marketing Honorable mentions: Honorable mentions: Cabina.AI
OmniChat AI
Undertow
Localazy
idensys Technologies
Hedy AI
BUSRA GROUP Cabina.AI Cabina.AI OmniChat AI OmniChat AI Undertow Undertow Localazy Localazy idensys Technologies idensys Technologies Hedy AI Hedy AI BUSRA GROUP BUSRA GROUP Robotics (2.4k total votes, 1.3k startups) Robotics Winner: Hidonix Winner: Hidonix Hidonix MedGos
Vitality Robotics MedGos MedGos Vitality Robotics Vitality Robotics Honorable mentions: Honorable mentions: DRONEQUBE
Formic
CENTO software
HealingHand Tech
Vas MedTech
C2Dx, Inc.
Control One DRONEQUBE DRONEQUBE Formic Formic CENTO software CENTO software HealingHand Tech HealingHand Tech Vas MedTech Vas MedTech C2Dx, Inc. C2Dx, Inc. Control One Control One Chatbots (200 total votes, 189 startups) Chatbots Winner: Paidia Gaming Winner: Paidia Gaming Paidia Gaming Datazo InfoTech
Cognitiev Datazo InfoTech Datazo InfoTech Cognitiev Cognitiev Honorable mentions: Honorable mentions: CloudEngine Labs
Brainy Neurals - AI Development Company
iSmart Apps - Oracle Cloud Experts
Link Bell Pvt Ltd
Dicken Media1
Daamtu, AI & Chatbots Solutions
Four Africa CloudEngine Labs CloudEngine Labs Brainy Neurals - AI Development Company Brainy Neurals - AI Development Company iSmart Apps - Oracle Cloud Experts iSmart Apps - Oracle Cloud Experts Link Bell Pvt Ltd Link Bell Pvt Ltd Dicken Media1 Dicken Media1 Daamtu, AI & Chatbots Solutions Daamtu, AI & Chatbots Solutions Four Africa Four Africa Congratulations to you all! We will contact you with details on how to claim your winnings! Congratulations to you all! We will contact you with details on how to claim your winnings! Congratulations to you all! We will contact you with details on how to claim your winnings! See the global regional announcements here.
See the global industry announcements here. See the global regional announcements here.
See the global industry announcements here. See the global regional announcements here. here See the global industry announcements here. here About HackerNoon’s Startups of The Year Startups of The Year 2024 is HackerNoon’s flagship community-driven event celebrating startups, technology, and the spirit of innovation. Currently in its third iteration, the prestigious Internet award recognizes and celebrates tech startups of all shapes and sizes. This year, over 150,000 entities across 4200+ cities, 6 continents, and 100+ industries participated in a bid to be crowned the best startup of the year! Millions of votes have been cast over the past few years, and many storieshave been written about these daring and rising startups. Startups of The Year 2024 many stories The winners will get a free interview on HackerNoon and an Evergreen Tech Company News page. free interview Evergreen Tech Company News Visit our FAQ page to learn more. FAQ Download our design assets here. here Check out the Startups of The Year Merch Shop here. here HackerNoon’s Startups of The Year is a branding opportunity unlike any other. Whether your goal is brand awareness or lead generation, HackerNoon has curated packages to solve your marketing challenges. Book a meeting with us to learn more! curated packages Book a meeting with us to learn more! Meet our sponsors: Meet our sponsors: Wellfound: Join the #1 global, startup-focused community. At Wellfound, we're not just a job board—we're the place where top startup talent and the world's most exciting companies connect to build the future. Wellfound: Join the #1 global, startup-focused community Notion: Notion is trusted and loved by thousands of startups as their connected workspace—from building product roadmaps to tracking fundraising. Try Notion with unlimited AI, FREE for up to 6 months, to build and scale your company with one powerful tool.Get your offer now! Notion: Try Notion with unlimited AI, FREE for up to 6 months Get your offer now ! Hubspot: If you’re looking for a smart CRM platform that meets the needs of small businesses, look no further than HubSpot. Seamlessly connect your data, teams and customers in one easy-to-use scalable platform that grows with your business. Get started for free. Hubspot: Get started for free Bright Data: Startups that leverage public web data can make faster, data-driven decisions, giving them a competitive edge. With Bright Data’s scalable web data collection, businesses can grow from a small operation to an enterprise by harnessing insights at every stage. Bright Data: Bright Data’s scalable web data collection Algolia: Algolia NeuralSearch is the world's only AI end-to-end Search and Discovery Platform combining powerful keyword and natural language processing in a single API. Algolia: AI end-to-end Search and Discovery Platform

Startups of The Year 2024 Winners: AI Industry 

Startups van die Jaar 2024 Winnaars: AI-bedryf

২০২৪ সালের স্টার্টআপ বিজয়ী: এআই শিল্প

Startupe godine 2024 Pobjednici: AI industrija

Las startups del año 2024 ganadoras: la industria de la IA

Vuoden 2024 voittajat: AI-teollisuus

Startupovi godine 2024 pobjednici: AI industrija

Startups of the Year 2024 Winners: AI Industry

2024 жылы Қазақстан индустриясы:

2024-ийн Startups Шагнагч: AI аж үйлдвэрийн

Startupy Roku 2024 Zwycięzcy: Przemysł AI

2024 වර්ෂයේ Startups ජයග්රාහකයින්: AI කර්මාන්තය

Ang mga nag-aalok ng Startups ng Taon 2024: AI Industry

The wait is finally over — it’s time to celebrate the standout startups of 2024! Huge shoutout to every founder, team, and community member who participated in this year’s Startups of The Year campaign. Your grit, innovation, and determination continue to inspire. Startups of The Year Startups of The Year 2024 is a community-driven awards platform by HackerNoon, recognizing tech startups that are not just building products, but shaping the future. The campaign kicked off on October 1st, 2024, inviting the internet to nominate and vote for over 150,000 startups+ spanning 100+ industries worldwide. Startups of The Year 2024 October 1st, 2024 150,000 startups+ 100+ industries worldwide After months of passionate campaigning and voting — and a final review by the HackerNoon editorial team — we’re thrilled to share the results. This year, we recorded 4.3 million+ votes, a big leap from last year's totals. To everyone who voted, shared, and supported: thank you for being part of something big 💚 4.3 million+ votes https://youtu.be/k_CrEKaTIko?embedable=true https://youtu.be/k_CrEKaTIko?embedable=true 🌍 This Year in Regions: Global Tech Leaders The Startups of The Year 2024 campaign showcased the incredible breadth of global innovation. Here are the regional standouts: Startups of The Year 2024 🗽 North America led with 946.6K votes across 551 cities, with Toronto’s Torramtaking the top spot.🌍 Europe gathered 88.6K votes from 465 cities, with Helsinki's Bloklab Limitedleading the charge.🌏 Asia earned 431.3K votes, with Singapore’s Peris.aiemerging as a cybersecurity winner.🌍 Africa saw 23.1K votes, led by Johannesburg’s NNW Tech Solutions🌎 South America brought in 15.2K votes, with Sao Paulo’s AQUi9taking the regional crown.🌊 Oceania contributed 6.7K votes, with Adelaide's Creart Digital Media topping the list. 🗽 North America North America North America Toronto Torram 🌍 Europe Europe Europe Helsinki' Bloklab Limited 🌏 Asia Asia Singapore Peris.ai 🌍 Africa Africa Johannesburg NNW Tech Solutions 🌎 South America South America Sao Paulo AQUi9 🌊 Oceania Oceania Adelaide Creart Digital Media To see the top startups in each respective city, visit hackernoon.com/startups and pick a city.
Here are the Startups of The Year Regional Announcements:
North America
Europe
Asia
Africa
South America
Oceania

👉🏿 See all Industry Winner Announcements here. To see the top startups in each respective city, visit hackernoon.com/startups and pick a city. hackernoon.com/startups hackernoon.com/startups Here are the Startups of The Year Regional Announcements: Here are the Startups of The Year Regional Announcements: North America
Europe
Asia
Africa
South America
Oceania North America North America Europe Europe Asia Asia Africa Africa South America South America Oceania Oceania 👉🏿 See all Industry Winner Announcements here. 👉🏿 See all Industry Winner Announcements here. here Let’s meet the regional winners!⬇️ Let’s meet the regional winners!⬇️ North America (946.6k total votes, 30.5k startups, 551 cities) North America San Francisco, California, US (430.2k total votes) - Winner: NachoNacho
New York, US (149.8k total votes) - Winner: Moveo.AI
Los Angeles, CA, US (133.6k total votes) - Winner: Zenerate
Delaware, US (93k total votes) - Winner: Chaindots
Montreal, Quebec, Canada (56.4k total votes) - Winner: Sorintellis
Delaware City, DE, US (25.8k total votes) - Winner: WISE.MARKET
Toronto, Canada - (10.6k total votes) Winner: Torram
Miami, FL, US (8.3k total votes) - Winner: Linguado
New Castle, DE, US (4k total votes) - Winner: Antix Interactive Inc.
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (2.2k total votes) - Winner: eEPIC Events San Francisco, California, US (430.2k total votes) - Winner: NachoNacho San Francisco NachoNacho New York, US (149.8k total votes) - Winner: Moveo.AI New York Moveo.AI Los Angeles, CA, US (133.6k total votes) - Winner: Zenerate Los Angeles Zenerate Delaware, US (93k total votes) - Winner: Chaindots Delaware Chaindots Montreal, Quebec, Canada (56.4k total votes) - Winner: Sorintellis Montreal, Quebec Sorintellis Delaware City, DE, US (25.8k total votes) - Winner: WISE.MARKET Delaware City WISE.MARKET Toronto, Canada - (10.6k total votes) Winner: Torram Toronto, Canada Torram Miami, FL, US (8.3k total votes) - Winner: Linguado Miami, FL, US Linguado New Castle, DE, US (4k total votes) - Winner: Antix Interactive Inc. New Castle, DE Antix Interactive Inc. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (2.2k total votes) - Winner: eEPIC Events Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada eEPIC Events See the complete announcement for the Startups of The Year, North America, here. See the complete announcement for the Startups of The Year, North America, here. Startups of The Year, North America, here Startups of The Year, North America, here Europe (88.6k total votes, 25.9k startups, 465 cities) Europe London, UK (19.5k total votes) - Winner: Yito
Helsinki, Finland (11.4k total votes) - Winner: Bloklab Limited
Barcelona, Spain (9k total votes) - Winner: Undertow
England, UK (8.2k total votes) - Winner: GetHarley
Oslo, Norway (5k total votes) - Winner: avilo
Berlin, Germany (3.1 total votes) - Winner: UseCodify
Bari, Apulia, Italy (2.3k total votes) - Winner: Hoken Tech
Kyiv, Ukraine (2.3k total votes) - Winner: Star for Life Ukraine
Paris, France (2.2k total votes) - Winner: C-Innovation
Warsaw, Poland (1.2k total votes) - Winner: SmartDust.me - Device Clouds London, UK (19.5k total votes) - Winner: Yito London, UK Yito Helsinki, Finland (11.4k total votes) - Winner: Bloklab Limited Helsinki, Finland Bloklab Limited Barcelona, Spain (9k total votes) - Winner: Undertow Barcelona, Spain Undertow England, UK (8.2k total votes) - Winner: GetHarley England, UK GetHarley Oslo, Norway (5k total votes) - Winner: avilo Oslo, Norway avilo Berlin, Germany (3.1 total votes) - Winner: UseCodify Berlin, Germany UseCodify Bari, Apulia, Italy (2.3k total votes) - Winner: Hoken Tech Bari, Apulia, Italy Hoken Tech Kyiv, Ukraine (2.3k total votes) - Winner: Star for Life Ukraine Kyiv, Ukraine Star for Life Ukraine Paris, France (2.2k total votes) - Winner: C-Innovation Paris, France C-Innovation Warsaw, Poland (1.2k total votes) - Winner: SmartDust.me - Device Clouds Warsaw, Poland SmartDust.me - Device Clouds See the complete announcement for the Startups of The Year, Europe, here. See the complete announcement for the Startups of The Year, Europe, here. Startups of The Year, Europe, here Startups of The Year, Europe, here Oceania (6.7k total votes, 4.4k startups, 39 cities) Oceania Melbourne, Australia (2.3k total votes) - Winner: Akula Tech
Sydney, Australia (1.3k total votes) - Winner: Burke Cybersecurity Consulting
Adelaide, South Australia, Australia (679 total votes) - Winner: Creart Digital Media
New South Wales, Australia (419 total votes) - Winner: Good Lioness
Perth, Australia (361 total votes) - Winner: Quant Reports
Auckland, New Zealand (310 total votes) - Winner: Minerva RegTech
Wellington, New Zealand (297 total votes) - Winner: Nexustorage Ltd
Brisbane, Australia (297 total votes) - Winner: JobTab
Victoria, Australia (166 total votes) - Winner: TreeCoin Assets
Queensland, Australia (109 total votes) - Winner: AVADA Group Limited Melbourne, Australia (2.3k total votes) - Winner: Akula Tech Melbourne, Australia Akula Tech Sydney, Australia (1.3k total votes) - Winner: Burke Cybersecurity Consulting Sydney, Australia Burke Cybersecurity Consulting Adelaide, South Australia, Australia (679 total votes) - Winner: Creart Digital Media Adelaide, South Australia, Australia Creart Digital Media New South Wales, Australia (419 total votes) - Winner: Good Lioness New South Wales, Australia Good Lioness Perth, Australia (361 total votes) - Winner: Quant Reports Perth, Australia Quant Reports Auckland, New Zealand (310 total votes) - Winner: Minerva RegTech Auckland, New Zealand Minerva RegTech Wellington, New Zealand (297 total votes) - Winner: Nexustorage Ltd Wellington, New Zealand Nexustorage Ltd Brisbane, Australia (297 total votes) - Winner: JobTab Brisbane, Australia JobTab Victoria, Australia (166 total votes) - Winner: TreeCoin Assets Victoria, Australia TreeCoin Assets Queensland, Australia (109 total votes) - Winner: AVADA Group Limited Queensland, Australia AVADA Group Limited See the complete announcement for the Startups of The Year, Oceania, here. See the complete announcement for the Startups of The Year, Oceania, here. Startups of The Year, Oceania, here Startups of The Year, Oceania, here Asia (431.3k total votes, 50.1k startups, 369 cities) Asia Singapore, Singapore (174.4k total votes) - Winner: Peris.ai - Cybersecurity


Bengaluru, KA, India (125.8k total votes) - Winner: TalentSpotify


Karnataka, India (57.4k total votes) - Winner: Reachmark Solutions Private Limited


Dubai, United Arab Emirates (9.7k total votes) - Winner: EVEDEX


Seoul, South Korea (8.1k total votes) - Winner: Align AI


Amman, Jordan (7.1k total votes) - Winner: Intellico


Karachi, Pakistan (5.7k total votes) - Winner: Humantek


Gurugram, HR, India (4k total votes) - Winner: Cadence Infotech


Mumbai, MH, India (3.7k total votes) - Winner: Encryptecl Cyber Guards


Hyderabad, TG, India (2.5k total votes) - Winner: Foxsense Innovations Singapore, Singapore (174.4k total votes) - Winner: Peris.ai - Cybersecurity Singapore, Singapore (174.4k total votes) - Winner: Peris.ai - Cybersecurity Singapore, Singapore Peris.ai - Cybersecurity Bengaluru, KA, India (125.8k total votes) - Winner: TalentSpotify Bengaluru, KA, India (125.8k total votes) - Winner: TalentSpotify Bengaluru, KA, India TalentSpotify Karnataka, India (57.4k total votes) - Winner: Reachmark Solutions Private Limited Karnataka, India (57.4k total votes) - Winner: Reachmark Solutions Private Limited Karnataka, India Reachmark Solutions Private Limited Dubai, United Arab Emirates (9.7k total votes) - Winner: EVEDEX Dubai, United Arab Emirates (9.7k total votes) - Winner: EVEDEX Dubai, United Arab Emirates EVEDEX Seoul, South Korea (8.1k total votes) - Winner: Align AI Seoul, South Korea (8.1k total votes) - Winner: Align AI Seoul, South Korea Align AI Amman, Jordan (7.1k total votes) - Winner: Intellico Amman, Jordan (7.1k total votes) - Winner: Intellico Amman, Jordan Intellico Karachi, Pakistan (5.7k total votes) - Winner: Humantek Karachi, Pakistan (5.7k total votes) - Winner: Humantek Karachi, Pakistan Humantek Gurugram, HR, India (4k total votes) - Winner: Cadence Infotech Gurugram, HR, India (4k total votes) - Winner: Cadence Infotech Gurugram, HR, India Cadence Infotech Mumbai, MH, India (3.7k total votes) - Winner: Encryptecl Cyber Guards Mumbai, MH, India (3.7k total votes) - Winner: Encryptecl Cyber Guards Mumbai, MH, India Encryptecl Cyber Guards Hyderabad, TG, India (2.5k total votes) - Winner: Foxsense Innovations Hyderabad, TG, India (2.5k total votes) - Winner: Foxsense Innovations Hyderabad, TG, India Foxsense Innovations See the complete announcement for the Startups of The Year, Asia, here. See the complete announcement for the Startups of The Year, Asia, here. Startups of The Year, Asia, here Startups of The Year, Asia, here . Africa (23.1k total votes, 14.7k startups, 103 cities) Africa Burkina Faso Misc (7.2k total votes) - Winner: Info du Burkina


Port Harcourt, Nigeria (1.6k total votes) - Winner: KD Squares


Lagos, Nigeria (1.4k total votes) - Winner: Sphiderass Web LTD


Johannesburg, South Africa (1.3k total votes) - Winner: NNW Tech Solutions


Tunis, Tunisia (1.2k total votes) - Winner: Dracoss


Abidjan, Lagunes, Ivory Coast (1.1k total votes) - Winner: iKonnect


Nairobi, Kenya (988 total votes) - Winner: Sakah


Kampala, Uganda (614 total votes) - Winner: AppNomu


Cotonou, Littoral Department, Benin (588 total votes) - Winner: Foxtech


Cape Town, South Africa (519 total votes) - Winner: The Venture Studio Burkina Faso Misc (7.2k total votes) - Winner: Info du Burkina Burkina Faso Misc (7.2k total votes) - Winner: Info du Burkina Burkina Faso Misc Info du Burkina Port Harcourt, Nigeria (1.6k total votes) - Winner: KD Squares Port Harcourt, Nigeria (1.6k total votes) - Winner: KD Squares Port Harcourt, Nigeria KD Squares Lagos, Nigeria (1.4k total votes) - Winner: Sphiderass Web LTD Lagos, Nigeria (1.4k total votes) - Winner: Sphiderass Web LTD Lagos, Nigeria Sphiderass Web LTD Johannesburg, South Africa (1.3k total votes) - Winner: NNW Tech Solutions Johannesburg, South Africa (1.3k total votes) - Winner: NNW Tech Solutions Johannesburg, South Africa NNW Tech Solutions Tunis, Tunisia (1.2k total votes) - Winner: Dracoss Tunis, Tunisia (1.2k total votes) - Winner: Dracoss Tunis, Tunisia Dracoss Abidjan, Lagunes, Ivory Coast (1.1k total votes) - Winner: iKonnect Abidjan, Lagunes, Ivory Coast (1.1k total votes) - Winner: iKonnect Abidjan, Lagunes, Ivory Coast iKonnect Nairobi, Kenya (988 total votes) - Winner: Sakah Nairobi, Kenya (988 total votes) - Winner: Sakah Nairobi, Kenya Sakah Kampala, Uganda (614 total votes) - Winner: AppNomu Kampala, Uganda (614 total votes) - Winner: AppNomu Kampala, Uganda AppNomu Cotonou, Littoral Department, Benin (588 total votes) - Winner: Foxtech Cotonou, Littoral Department, Benin (588 total votes) - Winner: Foxtech Cotonou, Littoral Department, Benin Foxtech Cape Town, South Africa (519 total votes) - Winner: The Venture Studio Cape Town, South Africa (519 total votes) - Winner: The Venture Studio Cape Town, South Africa The Venture Studio See the complete announcement for the Startups of The Year, Africa, here. See the complete announcement for the Startups of The Year, Africa, here. Startups of The Year, Africa, here Startups of The Year, Africa, here South America (15.2k total votes, 6k startups, 71 cities) South America Sao Paulo, Brazil  (9k total votes) - Winner: AQUi9
Belo Horizonte, Brazil (624 total votes) - Winner: RAR Inside Business
Kingstown, Parish Of Saint George, Saint Vincent And The Grenadines (584 total votes) - Winner: Vbanq
Recife, State of Pernambuco, Brazil (471 total votes) - Winner: InovaTour
Buenos Aires, Argentina (440 total votes) - Winner: JAK Games
Lima, Peru (263 total votes) - Winner: Baldecash
State of Minas Gerais, Brazil (255 total votes) - Winner: oppem.
Santiago, Chile (251 total votes) - Winner: Reite
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (240 total votes) - Winner: Estímulo
Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (232 total votes) - Winner: ShellHub Sao Paulo, Brazil  (9k total votes) - Winner: AQUi9 Sao Paulo, Brazil AQUi9 Belo Horizonte, Brazil (624 total votes) - Winner: RAR Inside Business Belo Horizonte, Brazil RAR Inside Business Kingstown, Parish Of Saint George, Saint Vincent And The Grenadines (584 total votes) - Winner: Vbanq Kingstown, Parish Of Saint George, Saint Vincent And The Grenadines Vbanq Recife, State of Pernambuco, Brazil (471 total votes) - Winner: InovaTour Recife, State of Pernambuco, Brazil InovaTour Buenos Aires, Argentina (440 total votes) - Winner: JAK Games Buenos Aires, Argentina JAK Games Lima, Peru (263 total votes) - Winner: Baldecash Lima, Peru Baldecash State of Minas Gerais, Brazil (255 total votes) - Winner: oppem. State of Minas Gerais, Brazil oppem. Santiago, Chile (251 total votes) - Winner: Reite Santiago, Chile Reite Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (240 total votes) - Winner: Estímulo Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Estímulo Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (232 total votes) - Winner: ShellHub Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil ShellHub See the complete announcement for the Startups of the Year, South America, here. See the complete announcement for the Startups of the Year, South America, here. Startups of the Year, South America, here Startups of the Year, South America, here . From all of us at HackerNoon, THANK YOU for making this year's campaign unforgettable. Whether you won, placed, or just participated — your startup is building the future. And we’ll be here to cheer you on every step of the way. From all of us at HackerNoon, THANK YOU See you in the next campaign 👀🚀 See you in the next campaign 👀🚀 About HackerNoon’s Startups of The Year Startups of The Year 2024 is HackerNoon’s flagship community-driven event celebrating startups, technology, and the spirit of innovation. Currently in its third iteration, the prestigious Internet award recognizes and celebrates tech startups of all shapes and sizes. This year, over 150,000 entities across 4200+ cities, 6 continents, and 100+ industries participated in a bid to be crowned the best startup of the year! Millions of votes have been cast over the past few years, and many storieshave been written about these daring and rising startups. Startups of The Year 2024 many stories The winners will get a free interview on HackerNoon and an Evergreen Tech Company News page. free interview Evergreen Tech Company News Visit our FAQ page to learn more. FAQ Download our design assets here. here Check out the Startups of The Year Merch Shop here. here HackerNoon’s Startups of The Year is a branding opportunity unlike any other. Whether your goal is brand awareness or lead generation, HackerNoon has curated packages to solve your marketing challenges. Book a meeting with us to learn more! curated packages Book a meeting with us to learn more! Meet our sponsors: Meet our sponsors: Wellfound: Join the #1 global, startup-focused community. At Wellfound, we're not just a job board—we're the place where top startup talent and the world's most exciting companies connect to build the future. Wellfound: Join the #1 global, startup-focused community Notion: Notion is trusted and loved by thousands of startups as their connected workspace—from building product roadmaps to tracking fundraising. Try Notion with unlimited AI, FREE for up to 6 months, to build and scale your company with one powerful tool. Get your offer now! Notion: Try Notion with unlimited AI, FREE for up to 6 months Get your offer now ! Hubspot: If you’re looking for a smart CRM platform that meets the needs of small businesses, look no further than HubSpot. Seamlessly connect your data, teams and customers in one easy-to-use scalable platform that grows with your business. Get started for free. Hubspot: Get started for free Bright Data: Startups that leverage public web data can make faster, data-driven decisions, giving them a competitive edge. With Bright Data’s scalable web data collection, businesses can grow from a small operation to an enterprise by harnessing insights at every stage. Bright Data: Bright Data’s scalable web data collection Algolia: Algolia NeuralSearch is the world's only AI end-to-end Search and Discovery Platform combining powerful keyword and natural language processing in a single API. Algolia: AI end-to-end Search and Discovery Platform

🏆 Startups of The Year 2024: Celebrating the Top Cities Driving Innovation

Startups van die Jaar 2024: Vier die beste stede wat innovasie dryf

የ 2024 ዓመት የ startups: Innovation Driving Top Cities ይደሰቱ

Стартапы 2024 года: святкаванне лепшых гарадоў, якія рухаюць інавацыі

Startupy roku 2024: oslavy nejlepších měst podporujících inovace

Startups of the Year 2024: Γιορτάζοντας τις κορυφαίες πόλεις που οδηγούν την καινοτομία

Startups del año 2024: celebrando las principales ciudades que impulsan la innovación

סטארט-אפים של שנת 2024: חוגגים את הערים המובילות בתחום החדשנות

2024年のスタートアップ:イノベーションを推進するトップ都市を祝う

Startups of the Year 2024: Kofutela mbongo mbongo mbongo mbongo mbongo mbongo mbongo mbongo

2024 metų startuoliai: švenčiame geriausius miestus, skatinančius inovacijas

Startups ny taona 2024: mankalaza ny tanàna ambony mitarika ny fanavaozana

Стартапы 2024 года: празднование лучших городов, стимулирующих инновации

Table of Contents Introduction Twelve factors: Codebase Dependencies Concept Config Backing Services Build, Release, Run Processes Port Binding Concurrency Disposability Dev/Prod Parity Logs Admin Processes References The 12factor.net website discusses the best technique to develop web apps or software as a service. So, I'm going over these 12 factors and using this list as the foundation, but I am going to cover items they don't mention. Myth : 12 Factor is a silver bullet for all cloud deployments. While 12 Factor provides excellent guidelines, it's not a one-size-fits-all solution. Consider adapting its principles to your specific project needs and infrastructure constraints. Reality: Introduction A group of people within Heroku developed the 12 Factors manifesto describing the rules and guidelines that needed to be followed to build a cloud-native application in 2011. Currently Azure, AWS, GCP, and Oracle are the leaders in the cloud, not Heroku. However, most of it is still relevant today. How do you create a cloud-based app so that it is robust, scalable, efficient, and cost-effective? First of all, let's understand what are an app and a cloud: App: In any environment, a single instance can be run or deployed. Cloud: The cloud is a distributed collection of servers, where users can manipulate, configure, and access the application or software over the internet. Enter, the Twelve Factors: Objective guidelines and regulations A visual checklist and guidelines for evaluating designs during design sessions. The 12 Factor App's main concepts are briefly explained in the section below. Codebase 1. One codebase tracked in revision control, many deploys There must be a relationship between the repository and the application. Whereas , and many big company uses mono repo i.e., relationship. 1-1 Google, Meta, Twitter, Microsoft 1-many cloud-native apps must always consist of a single codebase that is tracked in a version control system like GitHub, GitLab or Bitbucket. The main goal of a single codebase is to produce any number of immutable releases(build artifacts that remain unchanged). If you found a bug then go to the previous version fix it and then build the code again. These can be deployed to various environments, such as testing, staging, and live production servers. It helps you to do easily CI/CD process for your applications. 2. Dependencies Explicitly declare and isolate dependencies Every Application needs dependencies to be built and deployed, such as external libraries(also known as ) from third parties that are not native code to the respective language. ex: Java given as a JAR, Apache Logging library as a log4j.jar, node.js. packages, .NET DLLs, etc or internal libraries (also known as ) are the ones that the particular platform provides. linked libraries embedded libraries War ( ) vs Jar( ) web application archive java archive a file called a "war" that is packaged and deployed to any servelet or Jsp container address. It includes web-related Jsp, HTML, Js, servlets, and other files required for the development of the web application. It is for a browser-based web application. Jar contains java related libraries, resources, & accessories files like property files. it is for desktop applications and works on machines. Concept declaring dependency & bundling (also called ) vendoring Specify the dependencies your program requires. dependency manifestation: npm ( ) for JS - package.json file( ), node package manager javascript object notation maven for java - dependencies in an XML file, known as Project Object Model ( ), POM gradle for java- build.gradle file, NUGET for .net bundler for ruby, godeps for go, sbt for scala, pip for python 2. dependency isolation App only uses the dependencies it explicitly mentions. You cannot presume that certain dependencies are using it without your knowledge because there are no implicit dependencies that leak in. Main Goal It is simple to deploy, i.e. no pre-setup is required via container, with consistent builds across environments that can be repeated and easy for debugging and troubleshooting. 3. Config store config in the environment Configuration varies depending on the deployment type (such as ) and the time of application run. “config” here doesn’t mean the app’s internal information. If the value remains the same across all deployments then it is part of immutable builds. production, QA, or staging Some examples of configuration are: URLs, hostname, port number, credentials secret keys, API tokens service config( ) Memcached, threat pool For the non-containerized environment: configuration management tools like Ansible, Chef, Puppet, etc to install system-level dependencies. For the containerized environment: docker-compose.yml file, a Kubernetes manifest file, etc Configuration manifest Environment variables, zookeeper, spring cloud config, etc 4. Backing Services Treat backing services as attached resources what is a backing service? Any service on which the functioning of your application depends is a backing service. Services such as databases, caches, messaging systems, Simple Mail Transfer Protocol ( ) services, etc SMTP loosely couples the application - your source code does not couple with other services so, it never relies on any backing services and allows for scaling/flexibility. Locally maintained or provided by some third parties, these services have both options then it is possible to attach and detach backing services without redeploying the application. 5. Build, Release, Run Strictly separate build & run stages Build stage Input: source code Output: executable Bundle Release stage Input: build & configuration (immutable build) Output: release in an executable environment Run stage Input: release Output: a running process Use CI/CD tools to automate the builds and deployment process There is a 1:many relationship between builds & deployments. The entire process is ephemeral, which is the key to Build, Release, and Run. All artifacts and environments can be completely rebuilt from scratch if something in the pipeline is destroyed, utilising resources kept in the source code repository. Main goal a one-directional flow from code to release Note: Never work on production or staging. let it be a one-directional flow. 6. Processes Executes the app as one or more stateless processes Stateless vs. stateful processes Stateless: Without storing any data, a stateless system sends a request to the server and receives the response ( ) back. or the state Stateful: monitor data, anticipate a response, and, in the absence of one, resend the request. Note: all long-lasting states must be external to the application, provided by backing services. Avoid using web servers ( ) sticky sessions Pre-caching in memory, the data must be saved to a store and used from there rather than being kept in memory 7. Port Binding Export services via port binding The twelve-factor app is entirely independent and does not depend on the runtime injection of a webserver into the execution environment to create a web-facing service. An app created to enable externalised, runtime port binding may serve as a backing service for another app. The flexibility is powerful. Using port forwarding, any problems resulting from a conflict/clash between a port number assigned privately to the network and one used publicly by another operation can be avoided. Containers like Tomcat, JBoss, Liberty, jetty, undertow and Web Sphere are common in the Java world. Other web applications might run inside other containers, like Microsoft Internet Information Server . (IIS) In a non-cloud environment, These containers receive web application deployments and are responsible for allocating ports to the applications when they launch. 8. Concurrency Scale out via the process model Processes should be separated after being organised according to their purposes so that they can be scaled up and down as required. The utilisation of resources might fluctuate. Old model: Vertical scaling is the process of adding additional and other resources ( ) to a single monolithic application. CPUs, RAM, physical or virtual New model: Scaling out, or horizontally, is the process of adding more nodes( ) and is a much more contemporary strategy that is suitable for the type of elastic scalability that the cloud allows. workers Building disposable, stateless, share-nothing processes then use horizontal scaling not vertical, and run multiple, concurrent instances of your application. 9. Disposability Maximize robustness with fast startup and graceful shutdown The processes of a cloud-native application are disposable, allowing for quick startup and shutdown. If an application cannot start quickly and shut down gracefully, it cannot scale, deploy, release, or recover quickly. High traffic scale out - When the load is high, new instances are created, and the time consumed by these instances affects user performance. Watch for lengthy startup efforts, and initialization work and externalize them to . backing services Fast shutdown is acceptable, but graceful shutdown is preferred and make sure that the entire state is unharmed and robust against sudden failure. 10. Dev/Prod Parity Keep development, staging & production as similar as possible Reduce, minimize, and eliminate differences between an app’s development, staging, production environment, and so on as identical as possible. Although there are countless chances to create a gap between environments, the most common gap areas are: - Time gap Developers take a long time to move across environments. There must be processes, automated pipelines, possibly one-click production deployment, and takes hours rather than months or days to deploy. Ci/CD - Personnel gap The developers team write the code, operation team deploy it. Don't have manual procedures and there must be automated deployments, predictable deployments that can be and deployment to production. repeated, one-click - Tools gap The tech tools/stack/libraries used should be as similar as possible across environments. To support this principle: the use of containers – a very powerful tool here, as they enable you to run the same execution environment from local development through production. and most of the tools are and ideally all cloud environments (except development) then reduce it works in this environment issues, can easily catch issues and can fix/patch issues. Docker containerization open-source 11. Logs Treat logs as event streams Logging is essential for monitoring how your application behaves and here, it treats log entries as routed to a separate service for analysis and archival. Every developer needs to read logs (to access it) ex: log4J config, etc. event streams The App should not worry about how logs are written; instead, just write to and . The application is unable to predict factors like disc position, log size, rollover time, and others. stderr stdout Logs need to be non-functional requirements i.e., , , , . log aggregation log storage log processing log access To track and analyse your log emissions, you can use tools like the ELK stack (ElasticSearch, Logstash, and Kibana), Splunk, Sumologic, or other 3rd party applications. Logs become a separate service that helps in elastic scalability. 12. Admin Processes Run admin tasks as one-off processes This rule states that management or administrative tasks should be carried out by applications in an environment that is the same as that of the app's normal and ongoing operations. It also recommends running such scripts on the production server using a tool included in the execution environment. Some examples of tasks that might require reevaluation include database migrations, interactive programming consoles (REPLs), running timed scripts like nightly batch jobs, and one-off jobs executing custom code. Moreover, it's crucial to align administrative processes with the cloud provider's features and avoid relying on traditional methods in cloud-native environments. Instead Use cloud-enabled processes like to run instead of traditional administrative processes. cloud functions/lambdas All should be implemented as separate cloud-native processes. data migrations Don't use as an admin. REPL Conclusion In , building applications demands agility, scalability, and resilience. The 12 Factor App guides developers towards creating applications that seamlessly produce in cloud environments. If you are just starting your cloud journey, the 12-Factor App methodology is worth exploring. Its principles offer a solid foundation for building modern, cloud-native applications that can adapt and flourish in the face of continuous change. cloud computing References: https://www.redhat.com/architect/12-factor-app https://12factor.net/ https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/beyond-the-twelve-factor/9781492042631/ Send me a direct message on If you're curious or have any questions on the subject; I'd be pleased to chat with you! X , Also published here.

The 12 Factor App: Principles Every Cloud Developer Should Know

What Is Man? and Other Essays by Mark Twain, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . WILLIAM DEAN HOWELLS here WILLIAM DEAN HOWELLS Is it true that the sun of a man’s mentality touches noon at forty and then begins to wane toward setting? Doctor Osler is charged with saying so. Maybe he said it, maybe he didn’t; I don’t know which it is. But if he said it, I can point him to a case which proves his rule. Proves it by being an exception to it. To this place I nominate Mr. Howells. I read his about forty years ago. I compare it with his paper on Machiavelli in a late number of , and I cannot find that his English has suffered any impairment. For forty years his English has been to me a continual delight and astonishment. In the sustained exhibition of certain great qualities—clearness, compression, verbal exactness, and unforced and seemingly unconscious felicity of phrasing—he is, in my belief, without his peer in the English-writing world. . I entrench myself behind that protecting word. There are others who exhibit those great qualities as greatly as he does, but only by intervaled distributions of rich moonlight, with stretches of veiled and dimmer landscape between; whereas Howells’s moon sails cloudless skies all night and all the nights. Venetian Days Harper sustained In the matter of verbal exactness Mr. Howells has no superior, I suppose. He seems to be almost always able to find that elusive and shifty grain of gold, the Others have to put up with approximations, more or less frequently; he has better luck. To me, the others are miners working with the gold-pan—of necessity some of the gold washes over and escapes; whereas, in my fancy, he is quicksilver raiding down a riffle—no grain of the metal stands much chance of eluding him. A powerful agent is the right word: it lights the reader’s way and makes it plain; a close approximation to it will answer, and much traveling is done in a well-enough fashion by its help, but we do not welcome it and applaud it and rejoice in it as we do when right one blazes out on us. Whenever we come upon one of those intensely right words in a book or a newspaper the resulting effect is physical as well as spiritual, and electrically prompt: it tingles exquisitely around through the walls of the mouth and tastes as tart and crisp and good as the autumn-butter that creams the sumac-berry. One has no time to examine the word and vote upon its rank and standing, the automatic recognition of its supremacy is so immediate. There is a plenty of acceptable literature which deals largely in approximations, but it may be likened to a fine landscape seen through the rain; the right word would dismiss the rain, then you would see it better. It doesn’t rain when Howells is at work. right word. the And where does he get the easy and effortless flow of his speech? and its cadenced and undulating rhythm? and its architectural felicities of construction, its graces of expression, its pemmican quality of compression, and all that? Born to him, no doubt. All in shining good order in the beginning, all extraordinary; and all just as shining, just as extraordinary today, after forty years of diligent wear and tear and use. He passed his fortieth year long and long ago; but I think his English of today—his perfect English, I wish to say—can throw down the glove before his English of that antique time and not be afraid. I will go back to the paper on Machiavelli now, and ask the reader to examine this passage from it which I append. I do not mean examine it in a bird’s-eye way; I mean search it, study it. And, of course, read it aloud. I may be wrong, still it is my conviction that one cannot get out of finely wrought literature all that is in it by reading it mutely: Mr. Dyer is rather of the opinion, first luminously suggested by Macaulay, that Machiavelli was in earnest, but must not be judged as a political moralist of our time and race would be judged. He thinks that Machiavelli was in earnest, as none but an idealist can be, and he is the first to imagine him an idealist immersed in realities, who involuntarily transmutes the events under his eye into something like the visionary issues of reverie. The Machiavelli whom he depicts does not cease to be politically a republican and socially a just man because he holds up an atrocious despot like Caesar Borgia as a mirror for rulers. What Machiavelli beheld round him in Italy was a civic disorder in which there was oppression without statecraft, and revolt without patriotism. When a miscreant like Borgia appeared upon the scene and reduced both tyrants and rebels to an apparent quiescence, he might very well seem to such a dreamer the savior of society whom a certain sort of dreamers are always looking for. Machiavelli was no less honest when he honored the diabolical force of Caesar Borgia than Carlyle was when at different times he extolled the strong man who destroys liberty in creating order. But Carlyle has only just ceased to be mistaken for a reformer, while it is still Machiavelli’s hard fate to be so trammeled in his material that his name stands for whatever is most malevolent and perfidious in human nature. You see how easy and flowing it is; how unvexed by ruggednesses, clumsinesses, broken meters; how simple and—so far as you or I can make out—unstudied; how clear, how limpid, how understandable, how unconfused by cross-currents, eddies, undertows; how seemingly unadorned, yet is all adornment, like the lily-of-the-valley; and how compressed, how compact, without a complacency-signal hung out anywhere to call attention to it. There are twenty-three lines in the quoted passage. After reading it several times aloud, one perceives that a good deal of matter is crowded into that small space. I think it is a model of compactness. When I take its materials apart and work them over and put them together in my way, I find I cannot crowd the result back into the same hole, there not being room enough. I find it a case of a woman packing a man’s trunk: he can get the things out, but he can’t ever get them back again. The proffered paragraph is a just and fair sample; the rest of the article is as compact as it is; there are no waste words. The sample is just in other ways: limpid, fluent, graceful, and rhythmical as it is, it holds no superiority in these respects over the rest of the essay. Also, the choice phrasing noticeable in the sample is not lonely; there is a plenty of its kin distributed through the other paragraphs. This is claiming much when that kin must face the challenge of a phrase like the one in the middle sentence: “an idealist immersed in realities who involuntarily transmutes the events under his eye into something like the visionary issues of reverie.” With a hundred words to do it with, the literary artisan could catch that airy thought and tie it down and reduce it to a concrete condition, visible, substantial, understandable and all right, like a cabbage; but the artist does it with twenty, and the result is a flower. The quoted phrase, like a thousand others that have come from the same source, has the quality of certain scraps of verse which take hold of us and stay in our memories, we do not understand why, at first: all the words being the right words, none of them is conspicuous, and so they all seem inconspicuous, therefore we wonder what it is about them that makes their message take hold. The mossy marbles rest On the lips that he has prest In their bloom, And the names he loved to hear Have been carved for many a year On the tomb. It is like a dreamy strain of moving music, with no sharp notes in it. The words are all “right” words, and all the same size. We do not notice it at first. We get the effect, it goes straight home to us, but we do not know why. It is when the right words are conspicuous that they thunder: The glory that was Greece and the grandeur that was Rome! When I go back from Howells old to Howells young I find him arranging and clustering English words well, but not any better than now. He is not more felicitous in concreting abstractions now than he was in translating, then, the visions of the eyes of flesh into words that reproduced their forms and colors: In Venetian streets they give the fallen snow no rest. It is at once shoveled into the canals by hundreds of half-naked FACCHINI; and now in St. Mark’s Place the music of innumerable shovels smote upon my ear; and I saw the shivering legion of poverty as it engaged the elements in a struggle for the possession of the Piazza. But the snow continued to fall, and through the twilight of the descending flakes all this toil and encounter looked like that weary kind of effort in dreams, when the most determined industry seems only to renew the task. The lofty crest of the bell-tower was hidden in the folds of falling snow, and I could no longer see the golden angel upon its summit. But looked at across the Piazza, the beautiful outline of St. Mark’s Church was perfectly penciled in the air, and the shifting threads of the snowfall were woven into a spell of novel enchantment around the structure that always seemed to me too exquisite in its fantastic loveliness to be anything but the creation of magic. The tender snow had compassionated the beautiful edifice for all the wrongs of time, and so hid the stains and ugliness of decay that it looked as if just from the hand of the builder—or, better said, just from the brain of the architect. There was marvelous freshness in the colors of the mosaics in the great arches of the facade, and all that gracious harmony into which the temple rises, of marble scrolls and leafy exuberance airily supporting the statues of the saints, was a hundred times etherealized by the purity and whiteness of the drifting flakes. The snow lay lightly on the golden globes that tremble like peacocks-crests above the vast domes, and plumed them with softest white; it robed the saints in ermine; and it danced over all its works, as if exulting in its beauty—beauty which filled me with subtle, selfish yearning to keep such evanescent loveliness for the little-while-longer of my whole life, and with despair to think that even the poor lifeless shadow of it could never be fairly reflected in picture or poem. Through the wavering snowfall, the Saint Theodore upon one of the granite pillars of the Piazzetta did not show so grim as his wont is, and the winged lion on the other might have been a winged lamb, so gentle and mild he looked by the tender light of the storm. The towers of the island churches loomed faint and far away in the dimness; the sailors in the rigging of the ships that lay in the Basin wrought like phantoms among the shrouds; the gondolas stole in and out of the opaque distance more noiselessly and dreamily than ever; and a silence, almost palpable, lay upon the mutest city in the world. The spirit of Venice is there: of a city where Age and Decay, fagged with distributing damage and repulsiveness among the other cities of the planet in accordance with the policy and business of their profession, come for rest and play between seasons, and treat themselves to the luxury and relaxation of sinking the shop and inventing and squandering charms all about, instead of abolishing such as they find, as is their habit when not on vacation. In the working season they do business in Boston sometimes, and a character in takes accurate note of pathetic effects wrought by them upon the aspects of a street of once dignified and elegant homes whose occupants have moved away and left them a prey to neglect and gradual ruin and progressive degradation; a descent which reaches bottom at last, when the street becomes a roost for humble professionals of the faith-cure and fortune-telling sort. the undiscovered country What a queer, melancholy house, what a queer, melancholy street! I don’t think I was ever in a street before where quite so many professional ladies, with English surnames, preferred Madam to Mrs. on their door-plates. And the poor old place has such a desperately conscious air of going to the deuce. Every house seems to wince as you go by, and button itself up to the chin for fear you should find out it had no shirt on—so to speak. I don’t know what’s the reason, but these material tokens of a social decay afflict me terribly; a tipsy woman isn’t dreadfuler than a haggard old house, that’s once been a home, in a street like this. Mr. Howells’s pictures are not mere stiff, hard, accurate photographs; they are photographs with feeling in them, and sentiment, photographs taken in a dream, one might say. As concerns his humor, I will not try to say anything, yet I would try, if I had the words that might approximately reach up to its high place. I do not think any one else can play with humorous fancies so gracefully and delicately and deliciously as he does, nor has so many to play with, nor can come so near making them look as if they were doing the playing themselves and he was not aware that they were at it. For they are unobtrusive, and quiet in their ways, and well conducted. His is a humor which flows softly all around about and over and through the mesh of the page, pervasive, refreshing, health-giving, and makes no more show and no more noise than does the circulation of the blood. There is another thing which is contentingly noticeable in Mr. Howells’s books. That is his “stage directions”—those artifices which authors employ to throw a kind of human naturalness around a scene and a conversation, and help the reader to see the one and get at meanings in the other which might not be perceived if entrusted unexplained to the bare words of the talk. Some authors overdo the stage directions, they elaborate them quite beyond necessity; they spend so much time and take up so much room in telling us how a person said a thing and how he looked and acted when he said it that we get tired and vexed and wish he hadn’t said it at all. Other authors’ directions are brief enough, but it is seldom that the brevity contains either wit or information. Writers of this school go in rags, in the matter of stage directions; the majority of them having nothing in stock but a cigar, a laugh, a blush, and a bursting into tears. In their poverty they work these sorry things to the bone. They say: “... replied Alfred, flipping the ash from his cigar.” (This explains nothing; it only wastes space.) “... responded Richard, with a laugh.” (There was nothing to laugh about; there never is. The writer puts it in from habit—automatically; he is paying no attention to his work; or he would see that there is nothing to laugh at; often, when a remark is unusually and poignantly flat and silly, he tries to deceive the reader by enlarging the stage direction and making Richard break into “frenzies of uncontrollable laughter.” This makes the reader sad.) “... murmured Gladys, blushing.” (This poor old shop-worn blush is a tiresome thing. We get so we would rather Gladys would fall out of the book and break her neck than do it again. She is always doing it, and usually irrelevantly. Whenever it is her turn to murmur she hangs out her blush; it is the only thing she’s got. In a little while we hate her, just as we do Richard.) “... repeated Evelyn, bursting into tears.” (This kind keep a book damp all the time. They can’t say a thing without crying. They cry so much about nothing that by and by when they have something to cry ABOUT they have gone dry; they sob, and fetch nothing; we are not moved. We are only glad.) They gravel me, these stale and overworked stage directions, these carbon films that got burnt out long ago and cannot now carry any faintest thread of light. It would be well if they could be relieved from duty and flung out in the literary back yard to rot and disappear along with the discarded and forgotten “steeds” and “halidomes” and similar stage-properties once so dear to our grandfathers. But I am friendly to Mr. Howells’s stage directions; more friendly to them than to any one else’s, I think. They are done with a competent and discriminating art, and are faithful to the requirements of a stage direction’s proper and lawful office, which is to inform. Sometimes they convey a scene and its conditions so well that I believe I could see the scene and get the spirit and meaning of the accompanying dialogue if some one would read merely the stage directions to me and leave out the talk. For instance, a scene like this, from : The Undiscovered Country “... and she laid her arms with a beseeching gesture on her father’s shoulder.” “... she answered, following his gesture with a glance.” “... she said, laughing nervously.” “... she asked, turning swiftly upon him that strange, searching glance.” “... she answered, vaguely.” “... she reluctantly admitted.” “... but her voice died wearily away, and she stood looking into his face with puzzled entreaty.” Mr. Howells does not repeat his forms, and does not need to; he can invent fresh ones without limit. It is mainly the repetition over and over again, by the third-rates, of worn and commonplace and juiceless forms that makes their novels such a weariness and vexation to us, I think. We do not mind one or two deliveries of their wares, but as we turn the pages over and keep on meeting them we presently get tired of them and wish they would do other things for a change. “... replied Alfred, flipping the ash from his cigar.” “... responded Richard, with a laugh.” “... murmured Gladys, blushing.” “... repeated Evelyn, bursting into tears.” “... replied the Earl, flipping the ash from his cigar.” “... responded the undertaker, with a laugh.” “... murmured the chambermaid, blushing.” “... repeated the burglar, bursting into tears.” “... replied the conductor, flipping the ash from his cigar.” “... responded Arkwright, with a laugh.” “... murmured the chief of police, blushing.” “... repeated the house-cat, bursting into tears.” And so on and so on; till at last it ceases to excite. I always notice stage directions, because they fret me and keep me trying to get out of their way, just as the automobiles do. At first; then by and by they become monotonous and I get run over. Mr. Howells has done much work, and the spirit of it is as beautiful as the make of it. I have held him in admiration and affection so many years that I know by the number of those years that he is old now; but his heart isn’t, nor his pen; and years do not count. Let him have plenty of them; there is profit in them for us. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Mark Twain (2004). What Is Man? and Other Essays. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved October 2022 https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/70/pg70-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

WILLIAM DEAN HOWELLS

Fenimore Cooper's Literary Offences

The Cave Girl by Edgar Rice Burroughs, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book here . THE RESCUE THE RESCUE IT WAS dusk of the second day when Thandar, following the directions given him by Boloon, came to the edge of the little clearing within which rose the dingy outlines of many long houses raised upon piles. Before the village ran a river. Many times had Thandar crossed and recrossed this stream, for he had become lost twice upon the way and had to return part way each time to pick up his trail. In the center of the village the man could see the outlines of a loftier structure rearing its head above those of the others. As darkness fell Thandar crept closer toward his goal—the large building which Boloon had described as the temple. Beneath the high raised houses the cave man crept, disturbing pigs and chickens as he went, but their noise was no uncommon thing, and rather than being a menace to his safety it safeguarded him, for it hid the noise of his own advance. At last he came beneath a house nearest the temple. The moon was full and high. Her brilliant light flooded the open spaces between the buildings, casting into black darkness the shadows be neath. In one of these Thandar lurked. He saw that the temple was guarded. Before its only entrance squatted two warriors. How was he to pass them? [Pg 289] He moved to the end of the shadow of the house beneath which he spied as far from the guards as possible; but still discovery seemed certain were he to attempt to rush across the intervening space. He was at a loss as to what next to do. It seemed foolish to risk all now upon a bold advance—the time for such a risk would be when he had found the goddess and learned if she were Nadara, or another; but how might he cross that strip of moonlight and enter the temple past the two guards, without risk? He moved silently to the far end of the building, in the shadows of which he watched. For some time he stood looking across at his goal, so near, and yet seemingly infinitely farther from attainment than the day he had left the coast in search of it. He noted the long poles stuck into the ground at irregular intervals about the structure. He wondered at the significance of the rude carving upon them, of the barbaric capitals sometimes topped by the head-dress of a savage warrior, again by a dried and grinning skull, or perhaps the rudely chiseled likeness of a hideous human face. Upon many of the poles were hung shields, weapons, clothing and earthenware vessels. One especially was so weighted down by its heterogeneous burden that it leaned drunkenly against the eaves of the temple. Thandar's eye followed it upward to where it touched the crudely shingled roof. The suggestion was sufficient—where his eye had climbed he would climb. There was only the moonlight to make the attempt perilous. If the clouds would but come! But there was no indication of clouds in the star shot sky. [Pg 290] He looked toward the guards. They lolled at the opposite end of the temple, only one of them being visible. The other was hidden by the angle of the building. The back of the fellow whom Thandar could see was turned toward the cave man. If they remained thus for a moment he could reach the roof unnoticed. But then there was the danger of discovery from one of the other buildings. An occasional whiff of tobacco smoke told him that some of the men were still awake upon the verandahs where most of the youths and bachelors slept. Thandar crawled to where he could see the only verandah which directly faced the portion of the temple he had chosen for his attempted entrance. For an hour he watched the rising and falling glow of the cigarettes of two of the native men, and listened to the low hum of their conversation. The hour seemed to drag into an eternity, but at last the glowing butt of first one cigarette and then another was flicked over into the grass and silence reigned upon the verandah. [Pg 291] For half an hour longer Thandar waited. The guards before the temple still squatted as before. The one Thandar could see seemed to have fallen asleep, for his head drooped forward upon his breast. The time had come. There was no need of further delay or reconnaisance—if he was to be discovered that would be the end of it, and it would not profit him one iota to know a second or so in advance of the alarm that he had been detected. So he did not waste time in stealthy advance, or in much looking this way and that. Instead he moved swiftly, though silently, directly across the open, moonlit space to the foot of the leaning pole. He did not cast a glance behind nor to the right nor left. His whole attention was riveted upon the thing in hand. Thandar had scaled the rickety, toppling saplings of the cliff dwellers for so long that this pole offered no greater difficulties to him than would an ordinary staircase to you or me. First he tested it with eyes and hands to know that it rested securely at the top and that beneath his weight it would not move noisily out of its present position. Assured that it seemed secure, Thandar ran up it with the noiseless celerity of a cat. Gingerly he stepped upon the roof, not knowing the manner of its construction, which might be weak thatching that would give beneath him and precipitate him into the interior beneath. [Pg 292] To his surprise and consternation he found that the roof was of wood, and quite as solid as one could imagine. It had been his plan to enter the temple from above, but now it seemed that he was to be thwarted, for he could not hope to cut silently through a wooden roof with his parang in the few hours that intervened before dawn. He stooped to examine the roof minutely with eyes and fingers. The moonlight was brilliant. In it he could see quite well. He pulled away the thin palm frond thatch. Beneath were shingles hand hewn from billian. In each was a small square hole through which was passed a strip of rattan that bound the shingle to the frame of the roof. Thandar lifted away the thatching over a little space some two feet square. Then he inserted the point of his keen parang beneath a rattan tie string, and an instant later had lifted aside a shingle. Another and another followed the first until an opening in the roof had been made large enough to easily admit his body. Thandar leaned over and peered into the darkness beneath. He could see nothing. His own body was between the moon and the hole in the roof, shutting out the rays of the satellite from the interior. [Pg 293] The man lowered his legs cautiously over the edge of the hole. Feeling about, his feet came in contact with a rafter. A moment later his whole body had disappeared within the temple. Clinging to the edge of the hole with one hand, Thandar squatted upon the rafter above the temple floor. Now that his body no longer clogged the aperture in the roof the moonlight poured through it throwing a brilliant flood upon a portion of the floor at the opposite side of the interior. The balance was feebly lighted by the diffused moonlight. The temple seemed to consist of a single large room. In the center was a raised platform, and also about the walls. From the rafters hung baskets containing human skulls—one swung directly in the moonlight beneath Thandar. He could see its grisly contents plainly. His eyes followed the moonlight toward the area which it touched upon the far side of the room. It reminded Waldo Emerson of a spot light thrown from the gallery of a theater upon the stage. Directly in the center of the light a woman lay asleep upon the platform. Thandar's heart stood still. About her figure was wrapped the glossy hide of Nagoola. Over one bare, brown arm billowed a wealth of thick, black hair, fine as silk, upon the third finger of the left hand blazed a large solitaire. The woman's face was turned toward the wall—but Thandar knew that he could not be mistaken—it was Nadara. [Pg 294] From the rafter upon which he squatted to the floor below was not over twelve or fifteen feet. Thandar swung downward, clinging to the rafter with his hands, and dropped, cat-like, upon his naked feet to the floor below. The almost noiseless descent was sufficient, however, to awaken the sleeper. With the quickness of a panther she swung around and was upon her feet facing the man almost at the instant he alighted. The moonlight was now full upon her face. Thandar rushed forward to take her in his arms. "Nadara!" he whispered. "Thank God!" The girl shrank back. She recognized the voice and the figure; but—her Thandar was dead! How could it be that he had returned from death? She was frightened. The man saw the evident terror of her action, and paused. "What is the matter, Nadara?" he asked. "Don't you know me? Don't you know Thandar?" "Thandar is dead," she whispered. The man laughed. In a few words he explained that he had been stunned, but not killed, by the earthquake. Then he came to her side and took her in his arms. [Pg 295] "Do I feel like a dead man?" he asked. She put her arms about his neck and drew his face down to hers. She was sobbing. Thandar's back was toward the doorway of the temple. Nadara was facing it. As she raised her eyes to his again her face went deadly white, and she dragged and pushed him suddenly out of the brilliant patch of moonlight. "The guard!" she whispered. "I just saw something move beyond the door." Thandar stepped behind one of the tree trunks that supported the roof, looking toward the entrance. Yes, there was a man even now coming into the temple. His eyes were wide with surprise as he glanced upward toward the hole in the roof. Then he looked in the direction of the platform upon which Nadara had been sleeping. When he saw that it was empty he ran back to the doorway and called his companion. As he did so Thandar grasped Nadara's hand and drew her around the opposite side of the temple where the shadows were blackest, toward the doorway. They had reached the end of the room when the two warriors came running in, jabbering excitedly. One of them had passed half-way across the temple, and Thandar and Nadara had almost reached the door when the second savage caught sight of them. With a cry of warning to his companion he turned upon them with drawn parang. [Pg 296] As the fellow rushed forward Thandar drew the pistol the pirates had given him and fired point blank at the fellow's breast. With a howl the man staggered back and collapsed upon the floor. Then his fellow rushed to the attack. Thandar had no time to reload. He handed the weapon to Nadara. "In the pouch at my right side are cartridges," he said. "Get out several of them, and when I can I will reload." As he spoke they had been edging toward the doorway. From the street beyond they could already hear excited voices raised in questioning. The shot had aroused the village. Now the fellow with the parang was upon them. Thandar was clumsy with the unaccustomed weapon with which he tried to meet the attack of the skilled savage. There could have been but one outcome to the unequal struggle had not Nadara, always quick-witted and resourceful, snatched a long spear from the temple wall. As she dragged it down there fell with it a clattering skull that broke upon the floor between the fighters. A howl of dismay and rage broke from the lips of the head-hunter. This was sacrilege. The holy of the holies had been profaned. With renewed ferocity he leaped to close quarters with Thandar, but at the same instant Nadara lunged the sharp pointed spear into his side, his guard dropped and Thandar's parang fell full upon his skull. [Pg 297] "Come!" cried Nadara. "Make your escape the way you came. There is no hope for you if you remain. I will tell them that the two guards fought between themselves for me—that one killed the other, and that I shot the victor to save myself. They will believe me—I will tell them that I have always had the pistol hidden beneath my robe. Good-bye, my Thandar. We cannot both escape. If you remain we may both die—you, certainly." Thandar shook his head vehemently. "We shall both go—or both die," he replied. Nadara pressed his hand. "I am glad," was all that she said. The savages were pouring from their long houses. The street before the temple was filling with them. To attempt to escape in that direction would have been but suicidal. "Is there no other exit?" asked Thandar. "There is a small window in the back of the temple," replied Nadara, "in a little room that is sometimes used as a prison for those who are to die, but it lets out into another street which by this time is probably filled with natives." [Pg 298] "There is the floor," cried Thandar. "We will try the floor there." He ran to the main entrance to the temple, and closed the doors. Then he dragged the two corpses before them, and a long wooden bench. There was no other movable thing in the temple that had any considerable weight. This done he took Nadara's hand and together the two ran for the little room. Here again they barricaded the door, and Thandar turned toward the floor. With his parang he pried up a board—it was laid but roughly upon the light logs that were the beams. Another was removed with equal ease, and then he lowered Nadara to the ground beneath the temple. Clinging to the piling, Thandar replaced the boards above his head before he, too, dropped to the ground at Nadara's side. The streets upon either side of the temple were filled with savages. They could hear them congregating before the entrance to the temple where all was now quiet and still within. They were bolstering their courage by much shouting to the point that would permit them to enter and investigate. They called the names of the guards, but there was no response. "Give me the pistol," said Thandar. [Pg 299] He loaded it, keeping several cartridges ready in his hand. Then, with Nadara at his side, he crept to the back of the temple. Pigs, routed from their slumbers, grunted and complained. A dog growled at them. Thandar silenced it with a cut from his parang. When they reached the edge of the shadow beneath the temple they saw that there were only a few natives upon this side of the structure, and they were hurrying rapidly toward the front of the building. A hundred yards away was the jungle. Now a sudden quiet fell upon the horde before the temple doors. There was the sound of hammering, then a pushing, scraping noise, and presently shouts of savage rage—the dead bodies of the guardsmen had been discovered. Now, from above, came the padding of naked feet running through the temple. The street behind was momentarily deserted. "Now!" whispered Thandar. He seized Nadara's hand, and together the two raced from beneath the temple out into the moonlight and across the intervening space between the long houses toward the jungle. Half-way across, a belated native, emerging from the verandah of a nearby house, saw them. He set up a terrific yell and dashed toward them. Thandar's pistol roared, and the savage dropped; but the signal had been given and before the two reached the jungle a screaming horde of warriors was upon their heels. [Pg 300] Thandar was confused. He had lost his bearings since entering the village and the temple. He turned toward Nadara. "I do not know the way to the coast," he cried. The girl took his hand. "Follow me," she said, and to the memories of each leaped the recollection of the night she had led him through the forest from the cliffs of the bad men. Once again was Waldo Emerson Smith-Jones, the learned, indebted to the greater wisdom of the unlettered cave girl for his salvation. Unerringly Nadara ran through the tangled jungle in the direction of the coast. Though she had been but once over the way she followed the direct line as unerringly as though each tree was blazed and sign posts marked each turn. Behind them came the noise of the pursuit, but always Nadara and Thandar fled ahead of it, not once did it gain upon them during the long hours of flight. It was noon before they reached the coast. They came out at the camp of the pirates, but to Thandar's dismay it was deserted. Tsao Ming had waited the allotted time and gone. If Thandar had but known it, the picturesque cut-throat had overstayed the promised period, and had but scarce left when the fugitives emerged from the jungle beside the beach. In fact his rude craft was but out of sight beyond the northern promontory. A pistol shot would have recalled him; but Thandar did not know it, and so he turned dejectedly to search for the hidden canoe. [Pg 301] It lay behind the little clump of bushes that had hidden Thandar the morning that he had saved Tsao Ming's life, several hundred yards to the south. All signs of pursuit had now ceased, and so the two walked slowly in the direction of the craft. They found it just where Tsao Ming had promised that it would be. It was well and staunchly repaired, and in addition contained a goodly supply of food and water. Thandar blessed Tsao Ming, the unhung murderer. Together they dragged the frail thing to the water's edge, and were about to shove it out when, with a chorus of savage yells, a score or more of the head-hunters leaped from the jungle and bore down upon them. Thandar turned to meet them with drawn pistol. "Get the canoe into the water, Nadara," he called to the girl. "I will hold them off until it is launched, then we may be able to reach deep water before they can overtake us." Nadara struggled with the unwieldy boat which the rollers picked up and hurled back upon her each time she essayed to launch it. From the corner of his eye Thandar saw the difficulties that the girl was having. Already the horde was half-way across the beach, running rapidly toward them. The man feared to fire except at close range since his unfamiliarity with firearms rendered him an extremely poor shot. However, it was evident that Nadara could not launch the thing alone, and so Thandar turned his pistol upon the approaching savages, pulled the trigger, and wheeled to assist the girl. [Pg 302] More by chance than skill the bullet lodged in the body of the foremost head-hunter. The fellow rolled screaming to the sand, and as one his companions came to a sudden halt. But seeing that Thandar was busy with the boat and not appearing to intend to follow up his shot they presently resumed the charge. Thandar and Nadara were having all that they could attend to with the canoe and so the savages came to the water's edge before they realized their proximity. When he saw them, Thandar wheeled and fired again, then picking the canoe up bodily above his head he struggled out through the surf, Nadara walking by his side, steadying him. After them came the savages—perhaps half a dozen of the bolder, when suddenly a great roller caught them all, pursuers and pursued, sweeping them out into deep water. Thandar and Nadara clung to the canoe, but the head-hunters were dragged down by the undertow. [Pg 303] Upon the beach, yelling, threatening and gesticulating, danced thirty or forty baffled savages; but now Thandar and Nadara had crawled into the craft, which the outgoing tide was carrying rapidly from shore, and with the aid of the paddle were soon safely out upon the bosom of the Pacific. Safely? About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Edgar Rice Burroughs (1993). The Cave Girl. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved October 2022 https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/69191/pg69191-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org , located at https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html.

THE RESCUE

For several days things went along

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