Learning how to learn is quite possibly the most important skill we can develop. If we can master how to learn, we can apply that skill to more quickly and efficiently master anything else we set our minds on. Learning is a key that unlocks an infinite number of doors. There’s no other technique, tactic, or that will provide a better ROI. life-hack But to become better learners — to master the ultimate meta-skill — we must understand we learn in the first place. how Before we can begin to hack our brain, we must first understand how it works. With that goal in mind, we’ll try to glean some insight by exploring two extremely useful concepts for thinking about this topic: the Spacing Effect and the Forgetting Curve. Then we’ll consider how (or “mLearning”) might be used to improve learning initiatives at scale. mobile learning What is the Spacing Effect? Photo by on Aron Visuals Unsplash The Spacing Effect is a phenomenon in learning whereby retention and recall are improved when learning is spread out over time rather than condensed into a single session. The phenomenon was first discovered by German psychologist Herman Ebbinghaus and written about in , . his 1885 book Memory: A Contribution to Experimental Psychology We learn better when we learn things in multiple, spread-out sessions. There are a number of theories for why this is the case, but they all come down to the same core principle, summarized neatly in : How We Learn: The Surprising Truth about When, Where, and Why It Happens by Benedict Carey “Some breakdown must occur for us to strengthen learning…without a little forgetting, you get no benefit from further study.” The reality of the Spacing Effect is demonstrable and well documented; according to by the Director of Dartmouth University’s Cognition and Education Lab, “hundreds of studies in cognitive and educational psychology have demonstrated that spacing out repeated encounters with the material over time produces superior long-term learning, compared with repetitions that are massed together.” an article Still, experts are uncertain as to the exact mechanism responsible for the Spacing Effect. Below are brief descriptions of some of the more popular theories: Also known as the “ ,” this hypothesis states that increased effort in recalling information leads to better retention. According to the theory, the act of retrieving information is also an act of re-encoding it. (This is one reason testing is thought to improve retention; you’re actually while taking a test.) Increased time between learning and retrieving leads to increased effort during retrieval. More time = more effort. More effort = better retention. Retrieval Effort Hypothesis: testing effect learning According to , we’re able to recall information once it’s encoded in our brains based on “retrieval cues.” Retrieval cues are stimuli that help us retrieve a certain memory. For example, if you’re reading this while staring at your cat, seeing your cat tomorrow may help you remember what encoding variability is all about. Your cat would serve as your retrieval cue. This theory posits that the Spacing Effect works because learning across multiple, spaced-out sessions provides us with a more robust library of retrieval cues. So, if you read this again tomorrow while staring at your dog, then both your cat and your dog would function as retrieval cues. Encoding Variability: this theory sort of takes the “glass is half empty” perspective. The Spacing Effect is true, according to this theory, simply because we’re awful at learning in large doses. It’s not that spaced learning somehow improves retention, it’s just that massed learning is too much for our brains to handle. The Spacing Effect, then, is merely a reflection of our natural limits. Instead of trying to hack our brains, we should just avoid situations and methodologies that inhibit learning. Deficient Processing: This theory Whatever the reason, the Spacing Effect real, and understanding its principles can help us structure our learning more effectively. What’s more, the Spacing Effect also presents itself as the natural antidote to another Ebbinghaus discovery: the Forgetting Curve. is The Forgetting Curve? Remind Me. The Forgetting Curve, also discovered and written about by Herman Ebbinghaus, is the expression of another learning phenomenon. The curve demonstrates just how quickly we forget new information after learning it. Frankly, it’s somewhat alarming: Source: Farnam Street According to , the average person remembers less than 50% of new material within an hour of learning it. Apparently, we’re really good at forgetting stuff. Farnam Street Yet, if you recall, forgetting is actually the secret recipe to better learning. That’s where the Spacing Effect comes in. We can combat the Forgetting Curve with a “spaced repetition” or “spaced learning” system, and the fact that we forget is what helps us get better at remembering in the future! To combat the Forgetting Curve, we need to implement some version of a spaced learning system. In such a system, we are repeatedly exposed to the same information at set intervals over a certain period of time. A good spaced learning system (also according to Farnam Street) includes the following components: A schedule for review of information. A means of storing and organizing information. A metric for tracking progress. A set duration for review sessions. For the average college student studying for midterms, that system might be very basic. It could include 1) a personal calendar, 2) a notebook, 3) review quizzes, and 4) a study routine. However, for more demanding scenarios (such as corporate learning initiatives), a more scalable solution is likely necessary. That’s where mobile learning and a (LMS) come into play. mobile-friendly learning management system How Mobile Learning Can Help _Whether you’re a seasoned training manager or new to the space, this guide will equip you with everything you need to…_www.northpass.com The Beginners Guide to Online Training Mobile learning aligns perfectly with the principles of the Spacing Effect and a well-designed spaced learning system. : A mobile learning program can provide learners with a predetermined learning schedule, or the program can be completed at the learner’s pace, depending on . Learning schedule your particular goals and needs : When the mobile learning program is administered through a mobile-friendly LMS, it inherently lives on a platform that can store, organize, and deliver the relevant information to the relevant parties. Information storage/organization Most mobile learning platforms also have baked-in success metrics and analytics for tracking and rewarding progress. This will help keep learners engaged and program administrators informed. Such metrics will also help you of your learning program. Metrics for tracking progress: calculate the ROI Courses can also be created at your desired length. Some programs take this to an extreme and focus on hyper-short learning segments as part of a strategy known as . Lesson duration: microlearning is helping organizations everywhere adapt to fundamental changes in technology, business, and the . But, perhaps more importantly, mobile learning can easily accommodate a spaced learning system to better serve the way our brains function in the first place. Mobile learning modern workforce Fight back against the Forgetting Curve. Leverage mobile learning and the Spacing Effect to achieve your learning goals. About the Author Nick Santaniello is the Head of Content at — a modern, mobile-friendly LMS. You can find Nick on or to stay up-to-date on workforce and learning tips. Northpass Medium LinkedIn

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How to Leverage Mobile Learning & the Spacing Effect to Combat the Forgetting Curve

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Nick Santaniello

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How to Leverage Mobile Learning & the Spacing Effect to Combat the Forgetting Curve

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Nick Santaniello

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