Researchers used AI models based on the current neural networks (RNN) to read and accurately decode the amputee’s intent of moving individual fingers from peripheral nerve activities. The AI models are deployed on an NVIDIA Jetson Nano as a portable, self-contained unit. With this AI-powered nerve interface, the amputee can control a neuroprosthetic hand with life-like dexterity and intuitiveness. Watch the video ►Subscribe to my newsletter: http://eepurl.com/huGLT5 References [1] Nguyen & Drealan et al. (2021) A Portable, Self-Contained Neuroprosthetic Hand with Deep Learning-Based Finger Control: https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.13452​ [2]. Luu & Nguyen et al. (2021) Deep Learning-Based Approaches for Decoding Motor Intent from Peripheral Nerve Signals: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349448928_Deep_Learning-Based_Approaches_for_Decoding_Motor_Intent_from_Peripheral_Nerve_Signals [3]. Nguyen et al. (2021) Redundant Crossfire: A Technique to Achieve Super-Resolution in Neurostimulator Design by Exploiting Transistor Mismatch: https://experts.umn.edu/en/publications/redundant-crossfire-a-technique-to-achieve-super-resolution-in-ne​ [4]. Nguyen & Xu et al. (2020) A Bioelectric Neural Interface Towards Intuitive Prosthetic Control for Amputees: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.17.301663v1.full Video Transcript 00:00 in this video i will talk about a 00:02 randomly picked application of 00:03 transformers from the 600 new papers 00:06 published this week 00:07 adding nothing much to the field but 00:09 improving the accuracy by 0.1 percent on 00:11 one benchmark by tweaking some 00:13 parameters 00:14 i hope you are not too excited about 00:16 this introduction because that was just 00:18 to mess with the transformers recent 00:19 popularity 00:20 of course they are awesome and super 00:22 useful in many cases 00:23 and most researchers are focusing on 00:25 them but other things exist in ai 00:28 that are as exciting if not more you can 00:31 be sure 00:31 will cover exciting advancements of the 00:33 transformers architecture applied to nlp 00:36 computer vision or other fields 00:38 as i think it is very promising but 00:40 covering these new papers making slight 00:42 modifications to them is not as 00:44 interesting to me 00:45 just as an example here are a couple of 00:47 papers shared in march 00:49 applying transformers to image 00:51 classification and since they are all 00:53 quite similar and i already covered one 00:55 of them 00:56 i think it is enough to have an overview 00:58 of the current state of transformers 00:59 in computer vision now let's enter the 01:02 real subject 01:03 of this video which is nothing related 01:05 to transformers or even 01:06 gans in that case no hot words at all 01:09 except maybe 01:10 cyberpunk and yet it's one of the 01:12 coolest applications of ai 01:14 i've seen in a while it attacks a real 01:16 world problem and can change the lives 01:18 of many people 01:19 of course it's less glamour than 01:21 changing your face into an anime 01:23 character 01:23 or a cartoon but it's much more useful i 01:26 present you the portable 01:28 self-contained neuroprosthetic hand with 01:30 deep learning based 01:31 finger control by anguian drilan ital 01:34 before diving into it i just wanted to 01:36 remind you of the free nvidia gtc event 01:39 happening 01:40 next week with many exciting news 01:42 related to ai 01:43 and the deep learning institute giveaway 01:45 i am running if you subscribe to my 01:46 newsletter if you are interested i 01:48 talked about this giveaway with much 01:50 more details in my previous video 01:52 also i just wanted to announce that from 01:54 now on all new youtube members will have 01:57 a specific role on my discord channel as 01:59 a thank you for your support 02:00 now let's jump right into this unique 02:03 and amazing paper 02:04 this new paper applies deep learning to 02:06 a neuroprosthetic hand to allow 02:08 real-time control of individual finger 02:11 movements 02:11 all done directly within the arm itself 02:14 with 02:15 as little as 50 to 120 milliseconds of 02:18 latency 02:19 and up to 99 accuracy an arm amputee who 02:22 has lost his hand for 14 years can move 02:24 its cyborg fingers 02:26 just like a normal hand this work shows 02:28 that the deployment of deep neural 02:30 network applications embedded directly 02:32 on wearable biomedical devices is first 02:35 possible 02:36 but also extremely powerful here deep 02:38 learning is used to process and decode 02:40 nerve data acquired from the amputee to 02:43 obtain dexterous finger movements 02:45 the problem here is that in order to be 02:47 low latency this deep learning model 02:50 has to be on a portable device with much 02:52 lower computational power 02:53 than our gpus fortunately there has been 02:56 recent development of compact hardware 02:58 for deep learning users to fix this 03:00 issue 03:01 in this case they use the nvidia jetson 03:03 nano module 03:04 specifically designed to deploy ai in 03:07 autonomous applications 03:08 it allowed the use of gpus and powerful 03:10 libraries like tensorflow and pytorch 03:13 inside the arm itself 03:14 as they state this offers the most 03:16 appropriate trade-off 03:18 among size power and performance for our 03:20 neural decoder implementation 03:22 which was the goal of this paper address 03:24 the challenge of 03:26 efficiently deploying deep learning 03:28 neural decoders 03:29 on a portable device using real-life 03:31 applications 03:32 towards long-term clinical uses of 03:35 course there are a lot of technical 03:36 details that i will not enter into 03:38 as i am not an expert like how the nerve 03:40 fibers 03:41 and bioelectronics connect together the 03:44 microchip's designs that allows the 03:46 simultaneous neural recording 03:48 and stimulation or the implementation of 03:50 software and hardware 03:51 to support this real-time motor decoding 03:54 system you can read a great explanation 03:56 of these in their papers 03:58 if you'd like to learn more about it 03:59 they are all linked in the description 04:01 of the video 04:02 but let's dive a little more into the 04:04 deep learning side of this insane 04:06 creation 04:07 here their innovation leaned to 04:09 optimizing the deep learning motor 04:10 decoding to reduce as much as possible 04:13 the computational complexity 04:15 into this jetson nano platform this 04:17 image shows 04:18 an overview of the data processing flow 04:20 on the gesture nano 04:21 at first the data in the form of 04:23 peripheral nerve signals 04:25 from the amputee's arm is sent into the 04:28 platform 04:29 then it is pre-processed this step is 04:31 crucial to cut 04:32 raw input neural data into trials and 04:35 extract their main features 04:36 in the temporal domain before feeding to 04:39 the models 04:40 this preprocessed data correspond to the 04:42 main features 04:43 of one second of past neural data from 04:46 the amputee 04:47 cleaned from all noise sources then 04:50 this process data is sent into the deep 04:52 learning model 04:53 to have a final output controlling each 04:55 finger's movement 04:56 note that there are five outputs one for 04:58 each finger 04:59 to quickly go over the model they used 05:01 as you can see it starts with a 05:03 convolutional layer 05:05 this is used to identify different 05:06 representations of data input 05:09 in this case you can see the 64 meaning 05:11 that there are 05:12 64 convolutions made using different 05:15 filters 05:15 so 64 different representations these 05:18 filters are the network parameters 05:20 learned during training to correctly 05:22 control the hand when finally deployed 05:25 then we know that time is very important 05:27 in this case since we want fluid 05:28 movements of the fingers 05:30 so they opt for gated recurrent units or 05:33 gru to represent this time dependency 05:35 aspect when decoding the data 05:37 grews will allow the model to understand 05:40 what the hand was doing in the past 05:41 second 05:42 what is first encoded and what it needs 05:44 to do next 05:45 what is decoded to stay simple gru's are 05:49 just an improved 05:50 version of recurrent neural networks or 05:52 rnns solving computational problems 05:54 rnns had with long inputs by adding 05:57 gates to keep only the relevant 05:59 information 06:00 of past inputs in the recurrent process 06:02 instead of washing out 06:04 the new input every single time it's 06:06 basically allowing the network to decide 06:08 what information should be passed to the 06:10 output 06:11 as in recurrent neural networks the one 06:13 second data here 06:14 in the form of a 512 features is 06:17 processed iteratively 06:19 using the repeated gru blocks each dru 06:22 block 06:22 receives the input at the current step 06:25 and the previous output to produce the 06:27 following output 06:28 we can see gru's as an optimization of 06:30 the basic recurrent neural network 06:32 architecture finally this decoded 06:35 information is sent to linear layers 06:37 basically just propagating the 06:38 information and condensing it 06:40 into probabilities for each individual 06:42 finger 06:43 they studied many different 06:44 architectures as you can read in their 06:46 paper 06:47 but this is the most computationally 06:49 effective model they could make 06:50 yielding incredible accuracy of over 95 06:53 percent for the movement of the fingers 06:56 now that we have a good idea of how the 06:57 model works and know that it's accurate 07:00 some questions are still left such as 07:02 what does the person using it 07:04 feels about it does it feel real does it 07:06 work 07:07 etc in short is this similar to a real 07:10 arm 07:10 as the patient himself said i feel like 07:13 once this thing is fine tuned as 07:15 finished products that are out there 07:17 it will be more lifelike functions to be 07:19 able to do everyday tasks 07:21 without thinking of what positions the 07:23 hand is in 07:24 or what mode i have the hand programmed 07:26 in it's just like if i want to reach and 07:28 pick up something 07:29 i just reach and pick up something 07:31 knowing that it's just like my able hand 07:34 for every functions i think we will get 07:36 there i really do 07:38 please just take one more minute of your 07:40 time to watch this short 07:41 touching video where the amputee uses 07:44 the hand 07:44 and shares his honest feedback 07:50 is it pleasurable playing with it oh 07:52 yeah 07:53 it's just really cool like this is this 07:58 is crazy cool 08:00 to me these are the most incredible 08:02 applications that we can work on 08:04 with ai it directly helps real people 08:07 improve their lives quality 08:09 and there's nothing better than that i 08:11 hope you enjoyed watching this video 08:13 and don't forget to subscribe to the 08:14 channel to stay up to date with 08:16 artificial intelligence news 08:18 thank you for watching and as he just 08:20 said in the video 08:21 i will say the same about ai in general 08:24 this is 08:24 crazy cool

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