Table of Links Abstract and 1. Introduction Abstract and 1. Introduction 2 Muons vs. Protons 2.1 Muon annihilation 2.1 Muon annihilation 2.2 Vector boson fusion 2.2 Vector boson fusion 2.3 Annihilation vs. VBF 2.3 Annihilation vs. VBF 2.4 Signal vs. background 2.4 Signal vs. background 3 Muon Colliders Are Gauge Boson Colliders 3 Muon Colliders Are Gauge Boson Colliders 3.1 From the effective vector approximation to PDFs 3.1 From the effective vector approximation to PDFs 3.2 PDFs with broken electroweak symmetry 3.2 PDFs with broken electroweak symmetry 3.3 Impact of subleading logs 3.3 Impact of subleading logs 3.4 Finite mass effects 3.4 Finite mass effects 4 Physics 4.1 Electroweak symmetry breaking 4.1 Electroweak symmetry breaking 4.2 Dark matter 4.2 Dark matter 4.3 Naturalness 4.3 Naturalness 5 Complementarity 5.1 EDMs 5.1 EDMs 5.2 Flavor 5.2 Flavor 5.3 Gravitational waves 5.3 Gravitational waves 6 Summary and Future Directions 6 Summary and Future Directions Acknowledgments Acknowledgments A. Simplified Models A. Simplified Models A.1 Standard Model A.1 Standard Model A.2 Supersymmetry A.2 Supersymmetry A.3 Vector-like quarks A.3 Vector-like quarks A.4 Higgs portal A.4 Higgs portal A.5 Hidden valleys A.5 Hidden valleys A.6 Axion-like particles A.6 Axion-like particles References References A Simplified Models In order to benchmark the physics potential of muon colliders over a range of energies, we compute the rates for various processes using representative simplified models. Simplified models are defined in FeynRules using a combination of public and custom model files. Wherever possible, we simulate processes in both Whizard [219–221] and Madgraph5 [222]. We group the majority of processes into three categories: “annihilation” when states are produced directly in µ +µ − collisions; “neutral VBF” when states are produced via vector boson fusion from combinations of electroweak vectors carrying zero total charge; and “charged VBF” when states are produced via vector boson fusion from combinations of electroweak vectors carrying nonzero total charge. For the most part, we present results in annihilation and neutral VBF channels. For both charged and neutral VBF processes, we exclude contributions from on-shell W and Z bosons by imposing appropriate invariant mass cuts on the final state, as in [32]. In what follows, we typically do not display simulated VBF cross sections for mass points close to threshold given the strong sensitivity to phase space cuts; as noted in the text, annihilation production dominates near threshold. Where relevant, we also consider QCD “bremsstrahlung” processes, in which a gluon is radiated off a hard final state quark and then “splits” into the strongly-interacting final state of interest; this is particularly relevant for gluino production in supersymmetric models. To validate the results of our simulations, we compute a selection of representative cross sections analytically using a combination of FeynArts, FormCalc, and FeynCalc. We compute select annihilation cross sections explicitly, while for select VBF cross sections we compute the “partonic” cross sections explicitly and obtain total inclusive cross sections via numerical convolution with the LL luminosity functions detailed in Sec. 3. Authors:
(1) Hind Al Ali, Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA;
(2) Nima Arkani-Hamed, School of Natural Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA;
(3) Ian Banta, Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA;
(4) Sean Benevedes, Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA;
(5) Dario Buttazzo, INFN, Sezione di Pisa, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy;
(6) Tianji Cai, Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA;
(7) Junyi Cheng, Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA;
(8) Timothy Cohen, Institute for Fundamental Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA;
(9) Nathaniel Craig, Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA;
(10) Majid Ekhterachian, Maryland Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;
(11) JiJi Fan, Department of Physics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;
(12) Matthew Forslund, C. N. Yang Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
(13) Isabel Garcia Garcia, Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA;
(14) Samuel Homiller, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA;
(15) Seth Koren, Department of Physics and Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
(16) Giacomo Koszegi, Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA;
(17) Zhen Liu, Maryland Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
(18) Qianshu Lu, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA;
(19) Kun-Feng Lyu, Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong S.A.R., P.R.C;
(20) Alberto Mariotti, Theoretische Natuurkunde and IIHE/ELEM, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, and International Solvay Institutes, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium;
(21) Amara McCune, Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA;
(22) Patrick Meade, C. N. Yang Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
(23) Isobel Ojalvo, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA;
(24) Umut Oktem, Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA;
(25) Diego Redigolo, CERN, Theoretical Physics Department, Geneva, Switzerland and INFN Sezione di Firenze, Via G. Sansone 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
(26) Matthew Reece, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA;
(27) Filippo Sala, LPTHE, CNRS & Sorbonne Universite, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France
(28) Raman Sundrum, Maryland Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;
(29) Dave Sutherland, INFN Sezione di Trieste, via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy;
(30) Andrea Tesi, INFN Sezione di Firenze, Via G. Sansone 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Italy;
(31) Timothy Trott, Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA;
(32) Chris Tully, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA;
(33) Lian-Tao Wang, Department of Physics and Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
(34) Menghang Wang, Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA. Authors: Authors: (1) Hind Al Ali, Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; (2) Nima Arkani-Hamed, School of Natural Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA; (3) Ian Banta, Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; (4) Sean Benevedes, Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; (5) Dario Buttazzo, INFN, Sezione di Pisa, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy; (6) Tianji Cai, Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; (7) Junyi Cheng, Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; (8) Timothy Cohen, Institute for Fundamental Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA; (9) Nathaniel Craig, Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; (10) Majid Ekhterachian, Maryland Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (11) JiJi Fan, Department of Physics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (12) Matthew Forslund, C. N. Yang Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; (13) Isabel Garcia Garcia, Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; (14) Samuel Homiller, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; (15) Seth Koren, Department of Physics and Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (16) Giacomo Koszegi, Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; (17) Zhen Liu, Maryland Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (18) Qianshu Lu, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; (19) Kun-Feng Lyu, Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong S.A.R., P.R.C; (20) Alberto Mariotti, Theoretische Natuurkunde and IIHE/ELEM, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, and International Solvay Institutes, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; (21) Amara McCune, Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; (22) Patrick Meade, C. N. Yang Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; (23) Isobel Ojalvo, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; (24) Umut Oktem, Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; (25) Diego Redigolo, CERN, Theoretical Physics Department, Geneva, Switzerland and INFN Sezione di Firenze, Via G. Sansone 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (26) Matthew Reece, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; (27) Filippo Sala, LPTHE, CNRS & Sorbonne Universite, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France (28) Raman Sundrum, Maryland Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (29) Dave Sutherland, INFN Sezione di Trieste, via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy; (30) Andrea Tesi, INFN Sezione di Firenze, Via G. Sansone 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Italy; (31) Timothy Trott, Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; (32) Chris Tully, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; (33) Lian-Tao Wang, Department of Physics and Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (34) Menghang Wang, Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license. available on arxiv available on arxiv

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Benchmarking Standard Model Rates for Future Muon Colliders

Benchmarking Muon Collider Physics: Simplified Models & Production Rates

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